Study: The role of a vegetable nutritional supplement in the lowering of biomarkers for breast cancer

Reference

Laidlaw M, Cockerline CA, Sepkovic DW. Effects of a vegetable nutritional supplement for breast health on the estrogen metabolism in women before and after menopause that do not take hormonal contraceptives or nutritional supplements: a randomized controlled study. breast cancer . 2010; 4: 85-95.

Design

prospective, double -blind, placebo -controlled parallel study. The subjects were recruited for one of two study -low. One arm consisted of premenopausal women who did not use hormonal contraceptives, while the other consisted of postmenopausal women who did not receive hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Each part of the study was carried out at the same time and in a phase without a wash -up phase.

participant

47 pre -menopausal and 49 postmenopausal women were recruited for the study, and the data from 68 subjects were used in the statistical analysis.

Intervention

The test subjects were divided into treatment and placebo groups on the random principle. The treatment supplement (Femmed Breast Health) contained 200 mg Indol-3-Carbinol, 10 mg HMR-Lignan, 100 mg of Marium duk, 75 mg calcium glucarat, 75 mg Schisandra Chinensis, 50 mg nettle and 10 µg vitamin D The woman took 28 days either for treatment or for the placebo a.

target parameter

on day 0 and on day 28 blood samples and rehearsals of the first morning urine were collected and analyzed. The blood samples were analyzed at serum enthusiast concentrations. In the first morning, random urine samples were collected and analyzed on creatinine and estrogen metabolites. Statistical anova tests were carried out with repeated measurements to compare the treatment group with the placebo group.

most important knowledge

femmed Breast Health increased the estrogen C-2 hydroxylation significantly. In the case of pre- and postmenopausal women, the treatment supplement led to a statistically significant increase ( p <0.05) in 2-hydroxyestron concentrations (2-ohe) in urine. In the pre-menopausal group, treatment led to an increase in estrogen metabolite ratio of 2: 16α-ohe. In women before and after menopause, the treatment supplement together led to a significant increase in the 2-ohe concentration in the urine. There was also a trend ( p = 0.074) in the direction of an increased 2: 16α-ohe ratio in the combined group. There was no significant increase in serum enthusiast concentrations in the treatment or placebo group.

effects on practice

It is estimated that in 2011 at 230,480 women breast cancer will be diagnosed and 39,520 women will die. ^{1 Several of the known risk factors for breast cancer are related to estrogen exposure, namely early menstruation, late menopause, late or failing pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives Hormone replacement therapy. Alcohol, which can affect the ability of the liver to metabolize estrogen, is considered a risk, and the extent of the risk increases with increasing amount of alcohol consumed. The consumption of alcohol can lead to an increase in the mirror of both natural and synthetic estrogens. Obesity or obesity are accompanied by an increased risk of breast cancer, especially in women after menopause. Since fat tissue is the main source of estrogen in the body after menopause, more adipose tissue means a higher estrogen level, which can increase the risk of breast cancer. It is estimated that about 80 % of breast cancer are estrogen receptor positive. Dietary supplements can play a supportive role in risk reduction.}

estrogen-metabolite ratio and risk reduction

Studies have shown that two specific metabolites of estrogen metabolism influence the susceptibility to breast cancer. If the urine mirror of 2-hydroxy locomotive (2-ohe) increases and the mirror of 16-alpha hydroxy locomotive (16α-ohe) sinks, the risk of breast cancer drops, since 16α-ohe is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. In most studies in humans, the results are portrayed as a ratio of 2-ohe in the urine to 16α-ohe in the urine. The higher the ratio, the cheaper the risk reduction for breast cancer. The optimal ratio of 2-ohe to 16α-ohe in the urine is 2: 1, while a ratio of 1: 1 is associated with an increased risk of cancer. This ratio is generally referred to as estrogen metabolite ratio (EMR).

In a prospective study, 10,786 Italian women were observed for 5.5 years and the EMR was measured in all of these women at the beginning of their studies. The number of diagnosed breast cancer cases that occurred during the study period was compared to the output emrs. In women before menopause, women with a higher ratio had a breast cancer risk of 0.58 compared to women with a lower ratio.

In a case-control study on postmenopause, there was a strong reverse connection between EMR and breast cancer as well as a strong positive connection between 16-α-ohe and breast cancer. ⁴ In another prospective study, researchers reported that postmenopausal women who suffered from breast cancer over the age of eight years EMR showed as appropriate control persons. In addition, women whose proportion was in the highest third had a 30 % lower risk of developing breast cancer than women in the lower two thirds of the emr.

mechanism of action

The ingredients of the dietary supplement used in this clinical study can modulate the estrogen metabolism and estrogen level in different ways. In order to apply this study and wording to clinical practice, it is important to understand the mechanism of action of the ingredients and its influence on the estrogen level.

The most frequently examined component, Indol-3-Carbinol, contributes to maintaining a healthy estrogen level in the body due to the balance of the estrogen metabolites. In vitro studies have shown that Indol-3-Carbinol can change the microsomal estrogen metabolism in the liver. In particular, Indol-3-Carbinol Phase-I and Phasen-II enzymes can regulate, which leads to an increased capacity to detoxify and inhibition of carcinogenic. This means that Indol-3-Carbinol can move the metabolism from estrogens. Many of the Indol-3-Carbinol metabolites have anti-estrogenic activity and compete with estrogen for binding sites. There is also indications that Indol-3-Carbinol can inhibit cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in tumors.

distula thistle exerts phytoestrogenic properties. It contains connections that act as estrogen agonists, block estrogen receptors for endogenous estrogen and prevent estrogen from passing on its message to breast tumor cells so that they share and multiply. Phytoestrogens can also inhibit the local production of estrogens from circulating forerunners in the breast tissue. Disturbance is also well researched in terms of their liver -protecting effect and its ability to promote detoxification.

calcium-d-glucarat has anti-carcinogenic properties and demonstrably inhibits carcinogenesis both in the doctoral and initiation phase. Its anti -carcinogenic properties are partially attributed to its ability to increase the glucuronidation and excretion of potentially toxic compounds. In particular, it inhibits beta-glucuronidase activity that enables the body to excrete hormones such as estrogen before they can be resorbed again. This reduces the endogenous estrogen in the body, which contributes to maintaining a healthy estrogen equal weight.

Schisandra Chinensis contains Dibenzo [A, C] Cyclooctabenlignane, a kind of phytoestrogen. In general, the consumption of phytoestrogen is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. In addition, Schisandra can also reduce exposure to endogenous sex hormones by increasing the excretion of its metabolites.

The use of nutritional supplements that can improve the estrogen budget should be considered as part of a total approach for breast cancer prevention.

The HMR lignans are polyphenols of the spruce that have a number of structural similarities with estrogens of mammals. Epidemiological and experimental studies show that a lignerous diet can reduce the risk of breast cancer in humans. Serum enthusiast, a metabolite of HMR-Lignan with phytoestrogenic properties, correlates with the risk of breast cancer. Studies on rats showed that HMR-Lignans reduce both the tumor volume and tumor growth.

There are increasingly research results on the role of vitamin D in reducing breast cancer risk. In particular, 1.25-OH D3, the biologically active form of vitamin D, has been shown to act as a strong negative regulator of breast cancer cells. ^{28–30 Vitamin D has a factor for regulating the core transcript, which signals the synthesis of proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Many of these proteins regulate proliferation, differentiation and survival of breast cancer cells. If the vitamin D status is not optimal, these activities are impaired. 31.32 Investigations have also shown that vitamin D estrogen receptors can regulate in order to reduce the growth of breast cancer cells. Women reported on food or nutritional supplement.}

effects on practice

For the ingredients of the examined nutritional formula, demonstrably positive effects on the estrogen balance with different mechanisms of action were demonstrated. However, this is the first clinical study in humans that examine the effects and the possible synergistic value of a combination formula for the estrogen metabolism and the risk of breast cancer. While further research is justified with a larger number of subjects, the results achieved in this clinical study are promising.

The use of nutritional supplements that can improve the estrogen balance should be considered as part of a total approach to breast cancer prevention, together with changes in nutrition and lifestyle, which is known that you reduce the risk, such as B. movement, maintaining healthy body weight, non -smoking and restriction of alcohol consumption and avoiding estrogen.

Although there is no way to test the effectiveness of many of our interventions, dietary supplements that can modulate estrogen metabolites have a clear advantage in this area. Doctors can assess the effect of the intervention by urine tests of 2-ohe and 16-ohe, which should create both patients and doctors.

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