The role of the oceans in the climate system
The role of the oceans in the climate system
Everyone knows them, everyone loves them: the oceans. They cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface and are invaluable for humans and the climate. Oceans are an important part of the global climate system and play a central role in regulating the earth's climate. They absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, store warmth and transport them around the world. However, climate change and human activities are increasingly influencing their function and health. In this article we will take a closer look at the complex interactions between the oceans and the climate.
role of the oceans in the climate system
heat storage and transport
Oceans have an enormous capacity to store heat and are therefore a crucial buffer in the global climate system. They absorb about 90% of the heat that causes the greenhouse effect. However, this heat storage and release does not take place evenly via the globe. Due to the oceanic currents, heat is transported from the equator regions to the poles. This heat transport has a decisive influence on the regional climate. For example, the Gulf Stream ensures comparatively mild temperatures in Western Europe.
CO2 memory
The oceans are the largest active carbon store on earth. So far, they have recorded about a third of the CO2 issued by humans. The absorption of CO2 through the oceans is carried out by physical and biological processes. On the surface of the sea, CO2 is recorded directly from the atmosphere. Marine animals and algae also play an important role in the absorption and storage of carbon.
water cycle and cloud formation
The evaporation of marine water is an essential part of the global water cycle. It influences the amount of precipitation on land and the intensity of weather extreme. The evaporated water forms clouds in the atmosphere, which in turn influence the climate. Clouds reflect on sunlight and thus contribute to the cooling of the earth. At the same time, they act like an insulating ceiling and hold back the heat released from the earth's surface.
effects of climate change on the oceans
Despite their enormous capacities, the oceans are not infinitely resilient. The man -made climate change presents them with considerable challenges.
Warming of the oceans
The global warming leads to an increase in temperature of the oceans. This applies in particular to the upper layers of water. The heating of the oceans has far -reaching consequences. Among other things, it leads to the increase in sea levels, oxygen in the water, coral death and change in sea currents.
ocean acidification
The intake of CO2 from the atmosphere leads to an acidification of the oceans. The reaction of CO2 with water generates carbon dioxide, which reduces the pH of the water. The increasing acidification of the oceans can have serious effects on marine organisms, especially on corals and mussels.
Sea currents and climate
The change in sea temperatures and the fresh water input by melting polar ice cap can influence the sea currents. It is feared that, for example, the Gulf Stream could weaken or even come to a standstill. This would have serious effects on the climate in Europe.
conclusions and challenges for the future
The oceans are an essential factor in the global climate system. They store warmth and CO2, regulate the weather and influence the regional climate. However, the effects of climate change are increasingly putting their functionality on the test. It is therefore of great importance that we strengthen our efforts to contain climate change and at the same time develop strategies to increase the robustness of our oceans.
marine research plays a crucial role in this. It helps us to better understand the complex processes and interactions in the climate system and to develop strategies for adapting to the changes. At the same time, it is important to raise awareness of the importance of the oceans for our climate and to strengthen the awareness of the sustainable use of our seas.