The importance of keystone species
The importance of keystone species
In our complex ecosystem, every kind plays an indispensable role. However, there are certain species that are of particular importance because they have an above -average influence on the availability and distribution of resources in their area. These species are referred to as keystone species. These species, the name of which is derived from the architectural term "keystone" or keystone, are so important that without them, the entire ecosystem can collapse. In this article we will explain the concept of keystone species in more detail why they are so important and analyze examples of keystone species.
What are keystone species?
definition
A keystone species is an animal or plant species that has an above-average effect on your environment, relative to your biomass or its population density. The term "keystone species" was shaped in 1969 by Robert T. Paine, an American ecologist, to describe the species that play a particularly important role in their ecosystem (Paine, 1969).
Although keystone species are not necessarily the largest or most widespread species in an ecosystem, changes in their population can have significant effects on the structure and function of the entire ecosystem. They owe their key role to their ability to influence the existence, abundance and interaction between other species.
categorization
Keystone species can generally be divided into three categories:
- predators: By checking the population of prey, the keystone art contributes to obtaining a healthy biodiversity.
- engineer species: These species actively shape their environment by creating or changing ecosystems that offer other types of living space.
- Mutualists: These species contribute to the diversity of the ecosystem through relationships of mutual advantage.
- Paine, R. T. (1969). "A Note on Trophic Complexity and Community Stability". The American Naturalist. 103 (929): 91–93. Doi: 10.1086/282586.
The meaning of keystone species
Keystone species are of central importance for the functioning of ecosystems. Their extermination or drastic reduction could have far -reaching effects on the biodiversity and stability of the communities in which they live.
Receive biodiversity
One of their main functions is to maintain biodiversity. They do this by maintaining the balance of the species within an ecosystem and often keeping the spread of dominant species. If the population of the keystone species is declined or wiped out, the dominant species could take over, which would lead to a reduction in biodiversity.
maintaining the ecological balance
Keystone species also help with maintaining ecological balance. You can do this by regulating other types directly, such as predators that control the population of your prey, or through indirect ways, such as offering the habitat or food for other species.
Examples of keystone species
Seotter
A classic example of a keystone species is the seater. Seetter feed on seacuffs, which in turn feed on Kelp. Without the presence of the lake voter, sea urchin could spread uncontrollably and destroy the Kelpwald, which leads to a decline in biodiversity.
gray wolves
Another known example is the gray wolves in the Yellowstone National Park in the USA. As top predators, they regulate the populations of Elchen and deer and thus prevent the vegetation. Their return to the park in 1995 led to the endangered pastures and trees.
African elephants
African elephants are another example of keystone engineers. They align trees or eat them up, which means that the landscape is changed and new habitats for other species can be created.
FAZIT
In the biological diversity of the earth, every species plays an important role. Nevertheless, some have an above-average weight and are therefore referred to as keystone species. Your key role in the ecosystem is so important that you have a significant impact on biodiversity and national balance. In addition, their importance illustrates the need for nature conservation measures to ensure the long -term preservation of these species. Preservation of keystone species means preserving the health of our ecosystems.
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