Resistance training benefits patients with sarcopenia

reference

chen N, He X, feng y, feng y, ainsworth be, Liu Y. Effects of resistance training in healthy elderly people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta -analysis of randomized controlled trails. EUR Rev aging physic. Law . 2021; 18 (1): 23.

Study goal

Analysis of the existing evidence of resistance training with regard to muscle strength, muscle performance and body composition in healthy elderly people with sarcopenia at the beginning of the study

draft

A meta -analysis of randomized controlled studies (RCTS)

participant

The participants comprised 561 adults (at the age of> 60 years) with sarcopenia in 14 RCTs, which were released between January 2010 and October 2020. All studies included at least 1 type of resistance exercises, with 292 (52 %) of the participants received more than 1 mode of strength training. Seven RCTS included both sexes, 6 only women and 1 had no gender.

The exclusion criteria included previous illnesses (e.g. cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease). [COPD] Diabetes, osteoporosis), articles that were not in English or Chinese, articles without control group and those that do not contain all result parameters (below).

study parameters evaluated

The following end points were required to include this meta -analysis:

• Body composition (skeletal muscle mass [Smm] Lin Leader muscle mass [LMM] Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and body fat mass [BFM])
• muscle strength (knee extension power [kes] and grip strength [HGS])
• muscle performance (gait speed [GS] and scheduled and lot [tug])

The investigators rated various resistance training exercises and body dimensions depending on the RCT. The studies also varied in which parts of the body they rated and under which parameters.

Each RCT had a degree of intensity that was applied to every exercise, as well as a repetition, which led to a far -reaching meta -analysis. The researchers evaluated the following 3 body metrics to simplify the study design and carried out a subgroup analysis of these 3 groups, which were specifically on the factors, gender, sarcopenia diagnosis criteria, obesity, intervention duration, frequency, manner.

body composition

ELF of the RCTs evaluated the body composition based on 2 main parameters: muscle mass and body fat mass (BFM). The muscle mass was divided into 3 separate groups: skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle mass of the legs (LMM) and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI).

muscle power

Thirteen of the RCTS strength training for muscle strength especially for handle strength (HGS) and knee tractor thickness (KES).

muscle performance

Six of the studies measure the grip strength (GS) and the timed up and go (Tug), a test that is often used to assess mobility, walking ability, walking ability and the risk of balance in older adults.

important knowledge

In terms of body composition, no significant differences were found in the following parameters when comparing the strength training with the control group: Smm alone ( p = 0.07, i2 = 0%), LLM alone ( p = 0.52, i2 = 0%) and ASMI alone ( p = 68%). When comparing the BFM in both strength training groups compared to the control group, significant decreases were determined ( p = 0.0002, i2 = 0%).

The muscle mass increased significantly among the population groups at the age of> 70 years ( p = 0.0002), female ( p = 0.02), met the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group Sarcopenia (AWGS) ( p <0.0001) ( p = 0.004). A stronger increase in muscle mass was also observed when the resistance training was completed more than three times a week ( p = 0.007), ≥12 weeks ( p = 0.008) and with at least 60 % 1-reimbursement maximum (1RM) intensity ( p = 0.003).

In the category of muscle power, HGS ( p = 0.0005, i2 = 81%) and Kes ( p <0.0001, i2 = 67%) were significantly increased in the resistance training group. However, there was a more significant increase in HGS in the group over 70 years ( p <0.0001) as well as modest significant climbs in women ( p = 0.005), with AWGS-Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria ( p <0.0001) and obese ( p = 0.01) Populations. If the participants completed the resistance training less than three times a week ( p = 0.04) or ≥3 times a week ( p = 0.02) and with a total duration> 12 weeks ( p = 0.04) or ≤12 weeks ( p = 0.03), significant increases from HGS were also observed. HGS had a greater effect if it was carried out as a constant resistance loading training ( p = 0.0007) and with> 60 % 1-reproduction-maximum intensity ( p <0.0001).

kes, on the other hand, was significantly increased regardless of the subject features: age> 70 years ( p <0.0001), ≤70 ( p <0.0001), female ( p <0.0001), male ( p <0.0001) ( p <0.0001) and people with obesity ( p <0.0001).

For the muscle performance, GS increased significantly in the resistance training group ( p = 0.006, i2 = 89 %) and the TUG time significantly shortens ( p <0.0001, i2 = 23 %).

transparency

This meta-analysis was financed by a special health research project by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission on the Health of Aging, Woman and Children. No conflicts of interest from the author were disclosed.

practice implications

sarcopenia is a decline in skeletal muscle mass and functional and is known to lead to frailty, cachexia, osteoporosis, metabolic syndromes and ultimately to an earlier death. ^{2 About 25 % of older adults, even if they are healthy, are diagnosed with sarcopenia, the often devastating effects on the medical system are often diagnosed has. 3 From the perspective of public health, the total annual costs for hospital stays of patients with sarcopenia in the United States are $ 40.4 billion, which corresponds to average annual costs of $ 260 per person. Birth weight is all associated with a greater probability of sarcopenia.}

Different therapies were evaluated to treat sarcopenia, although movement seems to exceed all others. ^{6 specialized and easily reproducible training programs improve several health markers for Sarcopenpatians, which leads to improved durability and quality of life. According to the authors of the study discussed here, this publication is the first systematic review and meta -analysis that aims to evaluate the effect of resistance training on older people with sarcopenia. They discovered that several body metrics with different forms of resistance training exercises improved significantly.}

However, they did not evaluate the effects of nutritional supplements or diets on sarcopenia, which according to research results can also offer additional benefits. Leucin, creatinine and other high -quality metabolites based on amino naves seem to increase the advantageous aspects of resistance training in the same older patients. ^{7 During resistance training, so that there is a clear value, additional research for a combination of therapies is required for the most comprehensive approach}