Study: urban air pollution and increased mortality rates
Study: urban air pollution and increased mortality rates
reference
Wong cm, Tsang H, Lai Hk, et al. Cancer death risks through long -term exposure to fine dust in the area. biomarker for crab epidemics PREV . 2016; 25 (5): 839-845.
Design
longitudinal results study
participant
For this study, 66,820 adults (65 years or older) were recruited and accompanied by one of the 18 health centers for older people in Hong Kong. The volunteers were recruited between 1998 and 2001 and then persecuted until 2011. This sample represented about 9 % of all residents of Hong Kong in this age group.
study parameters evaluated
All residents of Hong Kong have a clear ID card number; This number linked to death certificates was used to pursue the vital status and the cause of death of the participants.
primary result measurements
The investigators pursued the cause of the death of all participants during the entire study period and documented deaths in particular due to cancer.
Data from the hourly monitoring of local rehearsal stations were used to use the annual fine dust concentration (PM 2.5 ) (defined as a particle with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm) in residential areas. On the basis of this data, the regression models calculated the PM concentration 2.5 at different heights above sea level. These models have been used to estimate the middle PM concentration 2.5 use floor numbers for every place of residence to estimate the vertical height of every address (people in Hong Kong normally live in high-rise buildings).
important knowledge
In this study, cancer mortality increased in relation to long -term exposure to increasing fine dust concentrations 2.5 . For 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , the risk of dying from breast cancer rose by 80 %; female genital cancer by 73 %; Cancer in the upper digestive tract by 42 %; and cancer in the additional digestive organs (liver, biliary tract, gallbladder and pancreas) by 35 %. All increases of the cause -specific mortality were statistically significant. Overall, the cancer mortality risk increased by 22 % per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM exposure 2.5 . The common pm 2.5 The exposure was 33.7 μg/m 3 .
In short, poor air quality is clearly associated with all the most common chronic health problems in our modern society.
practice implications
urban air is heavily dirty and has long been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. The literature is full of articles from big cities around the world, which show that cardiovascular and respiratory deaths increase shortly after an increase in urban air pollution. Air pollutants The frequency and severity of atopic diseases, infertility, diabetes, obesity and even autism, together with a deterioration in cognitive function. 5-10 In short, poor air quality is clearly associated with all the most common chronic health problems in our modern society.
fine dust from vehicle gases proves to be more harmful to human health, whereby smaller particles cause the greatest damage, as fine dust from the combustion of non-earth oil sources. 11 These smaller particles come into practically all body cells where they serve large oxidative damage.
As mentioned above, several studies have repeatedly shown that increased mortality rates are followed by acute stress caused by urban air pollutants (mainly cardiovascular and respiratory). This study has now documented this chronic PM exposure 2.5 increased mortality from different types of cancer. Since cardiovascular diseases, cancer and respiratory diseases make up the vast majority of deaths, preventive physicians should recognize the need to reduce exposure to these ubiquitous toxins.
Several studies have repeatedly shown that acute stress caused by urban air pollutants.
In all the standard and social media reports on the terribly increased values of air pollution in China, it could be easy to dismiss this study as a outlier that would not apply to most clinical practices in North America. However, there are urban areas in the United States in which PM was found 2.5 values that reach the average values found in this study (33.7 μg/m 3 ) (data for your city and many other cities around the world can be found under http://aqicn.org ). In addition, the current research has not clearly shown what the threshold value for fine dust is 2.5 Exposure is for increased rates of cancer mortality through chronic exposure.
In the past 10 years, my review of the literature on the harmful effects of air pollution has led to a significant change in my recommendations for patients who want as much vitality as possible in their lives. For years my best health recommendations, to do without sugar and white flour, to reduce or eliminate red meat, to eat as much organic as possible (especially for the The Dirty Dozen ™ of the environmental work group ), train, meditate and have a small number of necessary food supplements. My primary recommendation now? Invest in a high -quality air purifier for your bedroom.
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