Study: Can the consumption of certain fruits reduce the risk of diabetes?
Study: Can the consumption of certain fruits reduce the risk of diabetes?
Reference
Muraki I, Imamura f, Manson Je, et al. Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: Results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ. August 28, 2013; 347: F5001. Error in: bmj. December 4, 2013; 347: F6935.
Design
prospective longitudinal cohort study
participant
Data were collected by 66,105 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008); 85,104 women from the Nurse 'Health Study II (1991-2009); and 36,173 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2008). All participants were free from serious chronic diseases at the beginning of the course (e.g. cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes).
Study intervention
On the basis of data from 3 prospective cohort studies, the researchers estimated the effects of consumption of individual fruits, fruit groups (based on glycemic index and stress) and fruit juice with regard to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
target parameter
Incidents of DM-2, identified by self-disclosure and confirmed by complementary questionnaires
important knowledge
The data indicate that the consumption of entire fruits lowers the risk of developing DM-2. Portions of fruit consumed per 3 per week, the risk of developing diabetes decreased by 2 %.
certain fruits had a greater or lower influence on the general risk of diabetes. When taking individual fruits into account for all 3 portions per week reduced blueberries, the risk of 26 %, grapes and raisins by 12 %, plums by 11 %, apples and pears by 7 %and bananas by 5 %. Grapefruit had no statistically significant influence on the DM-2 risk, but melon increased the risk by 10 %. Differences in the values of the glycemic index/the glycemic load of each fruit did not explain these differences.
drinking 3 portions of fruit juice per week increased the risk of developing DM-2, around 8 %.
practice implications
This study provides better guidelines to direct nutritional decisions for patients with a high risk of developing DM-2. We can now advise patients that drinking fruit juice can only increase the likelihood of developing diabetes three times a week, and that eating certain fruits can help prevent this.
This study implies that due to the variety of secondary plant substances, not all fruits are the same.
This may not appear like a big surprise, since fruit juice is free of soluble fiber that helps to reduce the inclusion of glucose into the bloodstream. 1 A lack of fiber in fruit juices leads to faster and stronger changes in the serum glucose and insulin level. Risk for the development of diabetes by juice consumption explains, the authors suggest that the difference in the risk of whole fruits has nothing to do with differences in the glycemic effect. Rather, it probably has to do with the different types and quantities of secondary plant substances that are contained in every fruit. Anthocyans reduce the amount of glucose that is produced in the liver. 3 We should also take into account the content of resveratrol, chlorogenic acid and naringin in individual fruits. This study implies that due to the variety of secondary plant substances, not all fruits are the same.
restrictions
The data collected was based on memory questionnaires that have an inherent memory distortion. Decorations of recall can be particularly worrying here, since the 3 cohorts consisted exclusively of members of the health professions. This implies that the participants have an above -average knowledge of what should be eaten. Although the cohort of the participants is large, it may not represent the average American.
[Editor’s Note: A Correction to this Publication was published in the same journal (See Gewelatum notation above). This correction led to a Slight Variation in the Data But Did not Negate Any Significant Finding Nor Did It Change The Conclusion Of The Study. It is the view of the Natural Medicine Journal that the correction does not Lessen the Clinical Utility of the Study. Please refer to The correction itself For detailed information.]
- Jenkins DJ, Goff DV, Leeds Ar, et al. Non -absorbable carbohydrates and diabetes: reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia. Lanzette. 1976; 2 (7978): 172-174.
- Haber GB, Heaton KW, Murphy D, Burroughs Lf. Exhaustion and disturbance of the fiber. Effects on saturation, plasmaglukose and serum insulin. lanzette. 1977; 2 (8040): 679-682.
- Takikawawa M, Inoue S, Horio F, TSUDA T. The anthocyan-rich blueberry extract from food improves hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice. j nutr. 2010; 140 (3): 527-533.