Roschek B. Jr., Fink RC, McMichael MD, Li D., Alberte RS. Elderberry flavonoids tie up and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro. Phytochemistry. 2009; 70: 1255-1261. Design in vitro important knowledge This study showed that an extract made of black elderberry (sambucus nigra l) inhibited the infection with the human influenza virus A (H1N1) in vitro. The IC50 value (i.e. the concentration in which the infection was inhibited by 50 %) was 252 µg/ml. It was found that two flavonoids isolated from the Holundere extract bind to H1N1 virions and block the ability of the virus to infect host cells: these flavonoids were 5.7.3 ′, 4'-tetra-o-methyl squercercercertin (connection 1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2- (3.4.5-trihydroxyphenyl) chroman-3.4.5-trihydroxycycyclycarboxylate (connection 2). ...
Roschek B. Jr., Fink RC, McMichael MD, Li D., Alberte RS. Elderberry flavonoids tie up and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro. Phytochemie. 2009; 70: 1255-1261.
This study showed that an extract made of black elderberry ( sambucus nigra l) inhibited the infection with the human influenza virus A (H1N1) in vitro. The IC50 value (i.e. the concentration in which the infection was inhibited by 50 %) was 252 µg/ml. It was found that two flavonoids isolated from the Holundere extract bind to H1N1 virions and block the ability of the virus to infect host cells: these flavonoids were 5.7.3 ′, 4'-tetra-o-methyl squercercercertin (connection 1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2- (3.4.5-trihydroxyphenyl) chroman-3.4.5-trihydroxycycyclycarboxylate (connection 2). Connection 1 and dihydromyrictin (the 3-hydroxyflavonon of connection 2) were synthesized, and it has been shown that they inhibit the H1N1 infectiosity in vitro by binding to H1N1 virions. Connection 1 had an IC50 of 0.13 µg/ml (0.36 µm) for the inhibition of the H1N1 infection, while connection 3 had an IC50 of 2.8 µg/ml (8.7 µm). The IC50 of the elderberry flavonoids was favorable compared to those of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu; 0.32 µm) and amantadine (27 µm), which are prescription drugs for the treatment of influenza.
clinical implications
The results of in-vitro studies cannot necessarily be translated into clinical effectiveness. In order for a connection to vivo to have an antiviral effect, it must be absorbed in a sufficient amount of intact in order to achieve virucidal concentration at the location of the infection. There is no data about the intake of antiviral flavonoids in elderberry, and the recording capacity of the human body for other naturally occurring flavonoids has proven to be limited. In clinical studies, however, the administration of a holundere extract led to encouraging results in people with flu -like diseases.
forty patients who suffered from flu -like symptoms during an outbreak of influenza B/Panama in 1993 received a proprietary preparation (sambucol), which contained extracts of snigra l and raspberries ( rubus IDEUS l) or placebo. The dosage was 30 ml per day for children and 60 ml per day for adults, and treatment was carried out for 3 days. Twenty -seven patients ended the study. After 2 days of treatment, a larger proportion of patients in the group with active treatment had experienced a significant improvement in symptoms than in the placebo group (93 % vs. 25 %; p value not specified). In 87 % of the patients who received active treatment and in 33 % of the patients who received placebo, the symptoms disappeared completely after 3 days.
sixty patients (at the age of 18–54 years; mean: 30 years) who suffered from flu-like symptoms for 48 hours or less, double-blind sambucol (15 ml 4 times a day with meals) were randomized. Or placebo for 5 days. The average time to the complete or almost complete disappearance of the symptoms was significantly shorter in the group with active treatment than in the placebo group (3.1 days vs. 7.1 days; 56.3 % acceptance; p <. 001). No side effects were reported.
restrictions
Further research with a larger number of patients in whom the diagnosis of influenza is confirmed by laboratory tests is required to confirm the results of these preliminary studies. The availability of natural substances should not prevent people from making suitable precautions for flu prevention (e.g. washing hands, keeping family members at home with flu -like symptoms and receiving vaccinations if this is clinically indicated). The availability of natural substances should not prevent people from visiting a doctor and taking medication such as Tamiflu if necessary.
Roschek B. Jr., Fink RC, McMichael MD, Li D., Alberte RS. Elderberry flavonoids tie up and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro. Phytochemistry. 2009; 70: 1255-1261. Design in vitro important knowledge This study showed that an extract made of black elderberry (sambucus nigra l) inhibited the infection with the human influenza virus A (H1N1) in vitro. The IC50 value (i.e. the concentration in which the infection was inhibited by 50 %) was 252 µg/ml. It was found that two flavonoids isolated from the Holundere extract bind to H1N1 virions and block the ability of the virus to infect host cells: these flavonoids were 5.7.3 ′, 4'-tetra-o-methyl squercercercertin (connection 1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2- (3.4.5-trihydroxyphenyl) chroman-3.4.5-trihydroxycycyclycarboxylate (connection 2). ...
