Microbiota of the breast tissue

The presence of a change in flora before the disease occurs means that one day we may be able to stratify the risk of developing breast cancer based on the microbioma available in the tissue.

evaluated study parameters: intraoperative tissue samples of the breast and the skin above were analyzed using 16S-RDNA-day sequencing on microbial DNA signatures. Cheek smears and chest smears were also preserved and analyzed in the same way.

important knowledge

Different microbial communities existed in the breast tissue compared to samples of skin tissue, breast -cutting or buccal. When comparing women with cancer with women with BBD, significant differences were found in the microbial community. In particular, several taxa that appears less frequently overall are enriched in the cancer tissue compared to the BBD fabric, including fusobacterium , atopobium , gluconacetobacter , hydrogenophaga, and lactobacilli . Finally, the nearby disease -free tissue differ in cancer patients compared to the nearby normal tissue in patients with BBD in the taxa ( p = 0.009).

practice implications

The authors' first claim is that this study "confirms the existence of a different breast microbiome and differences between the microbioma of breast tissue in benign and malignant diseases". The first part of it may be a little news for naturopaths who have affected the health of infants by changing the flora of the mother, or who have recommended to give a little infant probiotic on the nipple before feeding. We have long assumed that organisms come from the chest. Perhaps we have based this knowledge on the 2 studies from the 1980s ^{1.2 This indicated the existence of a pronounced breast flora, or maybe we simply believed in the lack of evidence. According to the authors of the current study, the studies from the 1980s in which various bacteria were found in the chest were largely rejected, with critics pointed out that the bacteria are likely to be impurities from the skin Interestingly, the existence of the body's own bacteria in the breast seems to be a news in medicine, but it also seems to have been an "open secret" in circles of plastic surgery. These bacteria are suspected of being the cause of a subclinical infection that is responsible for a capsule contracture after the implantation. 3 Regardless of the study discussed here confirms our long -term assumption that the breast has its own, unique microbiome. So much is crystal clear.}

The more fascinating aspect of the study discussed here is the presence of different microbes in cancer -like breast tissue compared to BBB. The dominant taxonomy was not different, bacteroidet and firmicutes dominated both rehearsals. The differences were in the higher levels of the normally very low flora: fusobacterium , atopobium , hydrogenophaga , gluconacetobacter and lactobazilli ( p <0.05)). The last one can attract our attention, provided lactobacilli SPP are considered benefits. lactobacilli , like all of these bacteria, are only associated with cancer. The function of these bacteria and how they interact exactly with the different components of the Stromas is not yet known.

There were two previous studies in which molecular (instead of cultural) techniques were used to analyze breast cancer tissue. Xuan and colleagues examined breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue of the same donor and found that this was the case Methylobacterium Radiotolerans was enriched in cancer Spingomonas yanoikuyae . The diversity of flora was associated with the extent of the disease, with patients with advanced disease had lower diversity in the breast bioma. However, it was a very small study with only 20 participants who were criticized by the authors of the study discussed here for methodological reasons.

The second study published by Urbaniak and colleagues examined the breast microbioma in 81 women from Canada and Ireland with and without breast cancer. ^{5 The study should definitely determine whether living bacteria (not only their DNA) were present in the suspected sterile breast fabric. The group found bacteria, both through molecular and cultural techniques, with prototobacteria being the dominant phylum. Apart from that, this is also the dominant phylum that is found in human breast milk. 6 The study was not designed to evaluate differences between normal and carcinous tissue or between Canadian and Irish women.}

Since the publication of the study discussed here, Wang and colleagues have confirmed that the breast microbioma in women with breast cancer differs from the microbiome in normal breast tissue. In 57 women with cancer and 21 women without cancer, the microbioma of mouth, urinary tract and breast tissue was determined. ^{7 The authors found that the breast microbioma between the two groups is significantly different ( p = 0.03), mainly driven by the presence of methylobacterium in cancer. In addition, several gram -positive organisms including Corynebacterium ( p <0.01), staphylococcal ( p = 0.02), actinomyces ( p <0.1) and propionibacteriaceae ( p <0.01) were more common. In contrast to the current study lactobacilli SPP, the breast cancer tissue was not enriched. However, the presence of lactobacilli in the urine of postmenopausal women was lower than in premenopausal women. Oral microbiomas do not differ.}

Note that the above molecular studies have some matches, but many of the previous data are not consistent. This can be attributed to several factors, including the immense complexity of the microbiome, inherent differences in the techniques, ethnic differences in the bioma and the small number of participants in every study. In summary, we can confidently say that there is a unique microbial niche in the chest, and breast cancer differs significantly in its microbioma signature from normal breast tissue. The details of these 2 results will continue to be rinsed in the future.

A unique aspect of the study discussed here is that the non -sick tissue near the malignancy also housed a different flora compared to the nearby tissue in patients with BBB. That is fascinating. The presence of a change in flora, before the disease occurs, means that one day we may be able to stratify the risk of developing breast cancer based on the microbiome in the tissue. This would be a means to better determine the risk of sporadic breast cancer.

In accordance with the popular metaphor of the microbial niches of the body as ecosystems, integrative practitioners are trained in a unique way in order to improve the breast flora in the context of general health. In the model of modern reductionist medicine, individual tribes are advertised as specifically for breast health. In fact, there are numerous patented therapeutic probiotics that follow this train of thought. ^{8 This would be synonymous with the spread of a single plant seed or a handful of planting and the expectation that a complex and healthy ecosystem arises. While certain tribes can finally appear in research, it will always be the entire environment of the body, which must be maintained for the correct establishment of the micro environment of the breast and its microbiota.}

That should not mean that the application of certain bacterial strains is never indicated. Several Lactobacillus tribes were associated with increased immune recognition, reduced tumor growth and an increased survival in rodent models of breast cancer. ^{9 Among them are certain tribes of l Casei , l plantarum and l reuteri . In view of which lactobacilli SPP, this is only enriched in the current study in the tissue with breast cancer. The role of the bacteria still has to be determined.}

There are currently no result data in humans that indicate that there are specific probiotics that help prevent breast cancer or recurrence. In the absence of evidence, we often use our philosophically sound understanding of health and illness. In short, this can be understood as the optimization of the overall health of the organism by providing all the necessary components of elements that are interwoven in the larger landscape of life on the planet. This is certainly our best choice in connection with the microbiome of the breast.