Air pollution and adolescents psychosis

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Relation Newbury J., Arseneault L., Beevers, S., et al. Association of air pollution exposure with psychotic experiences during adolescence [Published Online Ahead of Print March 27, 2019]. (Link away). Study target to evaluate the connection between adolescent psychosis and air pollution and to determine whether this could be an underlying etiology for increased youthful psychosis rates in urban apartments. Draft population-based cohort study from the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study of the United Kingdom participant. The study included 2,232 young people who were accompanied from birth to the age of 18 as part of the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. The participants were between the ...
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reference

Newbury J., Arseneault L., Beevers, S., et al. Association of air pollution exposure with psychotic experiences during adolescence [Published online Ahead of Print March 27, 2019]. (Link removed).

Study goal

to evaluate the connection between adolescent psychosis and air pollution and to determine whether this could be an underlying etiology for increased youthful psychosis rates in urban apartments.

draft

Population-based cohort study from the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study of the United Kingdom

participant

The study included 2,232 young people who were accompanied from birth to the age of 18 as part of the Environmental-Risk longitudinal Twin Study. The participants were born between January 1, 1994 and December 4, 1995 and were representative of the geographical and socio -economic status of British families nationwide.

of the original participants took part in 2,066 (92.6 %) in the 18th year follow-up; 2.063 of the aftermithed gave information about psychotic experiences. Of these, 52.5 % of the participants were female and 47.5 % male.

study parameters evaluated

The data collected included exposure to air pollution, the urbanity of the participants and the occurrence of psychotic events between the ages of 12 and 18.

The participants were first rated at the age of 5 and then again at the age of 7, 10, 12 and 18. During the final assessment at the age of 18, the researchers carried out private interviews with each participant in order to evaluate the possible appearance of 13 different psychotic experiences since the age of 12. Seven items related to delusions and hallucinations and 6 items to protromal psychosis experiences. Each experience was coded as available (2), probably present (1) or not available (0), then added up and represented on an ordinal scale and verified by medical staff.

The implications of this study are not only important for practitioners who treat young people, but also for those who mainly focus on the health of adults, since early psychotic episodes are a risk factor for psychoses in adults and require early intervention.

Exposition compared to air pollution was measured in 2012 based on estimates of the pollution generation of the residential addresses of the participants and 2 frequently visited locations (often school, workplace or shops), 1 year before the interviews with the participants began. The measured pollutants included nitrogen dioxide (no 2 ), nitrogen oxides (no x ) and fine dust (PM and PN 10

urbanity scores were derived from 2011 census data; 32 % of the participants with available data lived in urban environments at the age of 18.

analyzes that were checked for covariates that could falsify the data, including the following: socio -economic status of the family or the neighborhood; Mothers or other family history of psychoses; Psychotic episodes in childhood; Smoking or drug abuse; and neighborhood crime or social conditions.

primary result measurements

The primary endpoint was the number of psychotic events that occurred between the ages of 12 and 18.

important knowledge

Six hundred and twenty -gloss (30.2 %) of the participants experienced at least 1 psychotic episode between the ages of 12 and 18, which ranged from light paranoia to severe psychotic symptoms.

  • 1,440 (69.8 %) reported no psychotic experiences
  • 319 (15.5 %) reported 1-2 experiences
  • 155 (8%) reported 3-5 experiences
  • 138 (6.7 %) experienced 6 or more episodes

In terms of air quality, the young people with the highest no-exposure (top quartile of the overall exposure of the participants). 2 x and fine dust reported more psychotic experiences than those who were consistently exposed to better air quality.

higher NO values ​​ 2 No x pn 2.5 10 were strongly associated with urban areas. In fact, medium levels of No X and PN 2.5 in urban areas, it was found that the permissible quantities were exceeded in accordance with the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Specific pollutants were also examined for their independent association with young psychoses, and it was found that the paths that the NO convey 2 and no x made up 55 % or 58 % of the association of young people and psychotic episodes living in the city. In combination no 2 x made 60 % of psychotic experiences with young people living in the city.

There was no evidence that the frequency of occurrence was linked to other potentially confusing factors (e.g. socio -economic status, family history, drug abuse).

practice implications

The data from this study are not only important for practitioners who treat young people, but also for those who mainly focus on adult health, since early psychotic episodes are a risk factor for psychoses in adults and require early intervention. Is, 2 and other studies have associated air pollution with a variety of mental health problems, 3.4 Only a few have thought about how these two variables interact to influence our youth.

Since the cities are increasingly overloaded, we will probably see higher values ​​of air pollutants from vehicles, industry and the general home use of exhaust gas products. As a result, practitioners can also be confronted with mental illnesses more often (not to mention increased heart and breathing problems 5.6 ) in both young people and in adults. Many studies indicate that the youthful brain is more susceptible to environmental damage.

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  2. Newbury J., Arseneault L., Caspi A., Moffitt Te, Odgers Cl, Fisher St. Why do children in urban neighborhoods have an increased risk of psychotic symptoms? Results of a British longitudinal cohort study. Schizophr Bull . 2016; 42 (6): 1372-1383.
  3. Power Mc, KioUmourtzoglou MA, hard Je, Okereke Oi, Laden F, Weisskopf MG. The relationship between previous exposure to fine dust air pollution and prevailing fear: observing cohort study. bmj . 2015; 350: H1111.
  4. Szyszkowicz M, Rowe BH, Colman I. Air pollution and daily emergency rooms for depression. Int J Occup Med Environ Health . 2009; 22 (4): 355-362.
  5. Kelly FJ, Fussell Jc. Air pollution and public health: newly occurring dangers and improved risk understanding. Environment Geochem Health . 2015; 37 (4): 631-649.
  6. Brunekreef B, Holgate St. Air pollution and health. lanzette . 2002; 360 (9341): 1233-1242.
  7. dahl Re. The development of the youthful brain: a time of weaknesses and possibilities. Basic speech. ann ny acadsci . 2004; 1021 (1): 1-22.