Small particles related to infections of the lower respiratory tract

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Bezug Horne BD, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, et al. Kurzfristige Erhöhung der Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub und akute Infektion der unteren Atemwege [published online ahead of print April 13, 2018]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Zielsetzung Um den Zusammenhang zwischen kleinen Feinstaubpartikeln (PM2.5) Ebenen und medizinische Begegnungen für akute Infektionen der unteren Atemwege (ALRI) bei sehr jungen Kindern, mit einem sekundären Ziel, die gleichen Assoziationen für ältere Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene zu finden. Entwurf Beobachtungsfall-Crossover-Design Teilnehmer Die Studie umfasste mehr als 146.000 Personen jeden Alters und Geschlechts, die in einem schmalen Streifen städtischen/vorstädtischen Landes im Norden von Zentral-Utah leben, der …
Cover Horne Bd, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, et al. Short -term increase in air pollution by fine dust and acute infection of the lower respiratory tract [published online Ahead of Print April 13, 2018]. At the J Respir Crit Care Med. Objective to the connection between small fine dust particles (pm2.5) levels and medical encounters for acute infections of the lower respiratory tract (Alri) in very young children, with a secondary goal of finding the same associations for older children, adolescents and adults. Design observation crossover design participants The study comprised more than 146,000 people of all ages and gender who live in a narrow strip of urban/suburban country in the north of Central Uutah who ... (Symbolbild/natur.wiki)

reference

Horne Bd, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, et al. Short -term increase in air pollution by fine dust and acute infection of the lower respiratory tract [published online Ahead of Print April 13, 2018]. at the J Respir Crit Care Med .

objective

To the connection between small fine dust particles (PM 2.5 ) levels and medical encounters for acute infections of the lower respiratory tract (Alri) in very young children, with a secondary goal of finding the same associations for older children, adolescents and adults.

draft

observation case crossover design

participant

The study included more than 146,000 people of all ages and who live in a narrow strip of urban/suburban country in the north of Central Uut, which is known as a Wasatch front. The area indicates great variability in PM on 2.5 concentrations due to regular temperaturein versions in winter and houses more than 80 % of the population of Utahs.

The inclusion criteria were based on the diagnosis of acute infection of the lower respiratory tract (Alri) during the study period (1999-2016). The majority (77 %) of the participants were children aged 0 to 2 years.

study parameters evaluated

The fine dust concentrations were measured between 1999 and 2016 with community -based air quality monitors.

Primary result measurements

Short -term periods of PM 2.5 Increase were compared at the time of the increase in the reported encounters based on visits to the doctor for Alri. The population was grouped according to age groups (0–2, 2–17 and ≥18 years). After stratification according to age groups, the ODDS Ratios (ORS) for Alri were calculated based on contacts in the healthcare system.

important knowledge

Short -term exposure to increased PM 2.5 air pollution was associated with a greater use of health care for Alri in small children, older children and adults.

Encounters with Alri in small children took 2.5 within a week after increased PM values, with another highlight after 3 weeks. The cumulative 28-day-or was 1.15 per 10 μg/m 3 increase in the pm 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.19). Similar increased opportunities for Alri were observed in older children.

Short -term exposure to increased PM 2.5 air pollution was associated with a greater use of health care for Alri in small children, older children and adults.

There was also an increase in the diagnosed and confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (especially for small children) and flu-related encounters (especially in older children and adults) according to increased PM values ​​in the area 2.5

practice implications

Senior investigator Dr. Horne, while he speculates the connection between PM 2.5 and Alri, said the following: "The air pollution itself can make the human body more susceptible to infections or impair the body's ability to ward off the infectious agents. can 2.5 affect the immune response so that the body develops a less effective reaction to defend the infection. ”

There are many naturopathic methods to support immune function in children and adults, including lifelong habit, a healthy, full -scale -based, phytochemically rich diet. Several studies indicate that exposure to air pollution leads to increased oxidative stress and that a nutritional supplement can play a modulating role in the acute effect of air pollutants. For example, a study indicates that B vitamins in some people can reduce the undesirable effects of fine dust in the air. Other nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (Pufas) have shown a protective effect against the damage caused by fine dust in air-polluted environments. improved. 3

lung diseases such as asthma can be worsened or triggered by fine dust in the air. Observation studies indicate that those who consume omega-3-pufas develop asthma less likely. Preclinical studies confirm this observation and show that Omega-3-Pufas from asthma rosers, including viruses, protect 4 and allergens. However, there are no intervention studies that have examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the asthma exploitation risk. It should be noted that supplementation with Omega-3-Pufas can only increase the susceptibility to oxidative damage. 7 For this reason, a supplementation with omega-3-pufas is justified in combination with antioxidants.

In addition to the direct effects of fine dust on the lungs, there can be other explanations to explain the connection between increased fine dust values ​​in the air and lung infections. According to Horne, lung damage caused by air pollution could lead to longer periods of Alri symptoms or more severe symptoms that require more intensive medical care for the infected person. Wear the infection and transfer the infection to you. ”

As an extension of these thoughts, more time in the house can also contribute to inadequate vitamin D production by reducing solar exposure. A reduced vitamin D status can also be worsened by the air pollution itself, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation can prevent the atmosphere, which leads to a similar net effect of a low vitamin D status. Exacerbation in subjects was reduced, which after the supplementation showed an increase in the circulating vitamin D. 9 which indicates the potential of vitamin D, to protect against exacerbations caused by air pollution.

The prevention of Alri and the relief of symptoms can be achieved by drawing the public aware of an acute increase in the PM concentration 2.5 . If this occurs, people may prevent infections or reduce the severity or duration of the Alri symptoms by reducing their exposure to air pollution. 10 For example, people can be warned of being more vigilant and not touching their face without washing their hands beforehand, and participating in other preventive behaviors, which is known that it is known that it is known to the infection reduce. 1

The potential health and economic advantages of establishing non -pharmacological approaches (e.g. reduced exposure, hygiene considerations, nutritional supplements) are enormous for disease management. Further studies are required to determine how different combinations of nutrients can minimize the effects of air -fashioned particles, especially fine dust, 2.5 on various aspects of lung health.

  1. American Thoracic Society. A short exposure to tiny air pollution particles triggers lung infections in children. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/IMC-Bet041218.php . Published on April 13, 2018. Access on May 27, 2018.
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