Ergothionein and citrus metabolites reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases

reference

Smith, E., Ottosson, F., Hellstrand, S., et al. Ergothionein is associated with reduced mortality and a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. heart . 2020; 106 (9): 691–697.

learning objectives

The study goals were twice: the identification of plasmamametabolites associated with the health -conscious nutritional pattern (HCFP) and the evaluation as to whether these metabolites predict cardiometabolic diseases and mortality

draft

Baseline examination of a Swedish population-based prospective cohort study, the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study

participant

The original MDC study consisted of 28,098 participants, all of which were subjected to basic examinations between 1991 and 1996. A cardiovascular cohort (MDC-CC) was randomly selected from this cohort (n = 6.103) to examine the carotid artery disease. A random sample of 3,833 was selected from this MDC-CC cohort in order to provide a basic line measurement of plasmame tabolites.

The exclusion criteria included participants with a prevailing coronary heart disease (KHK, N = 80), strokes in the anamnesis (n = 26) and/or type 2 diabetes (n = 348) at the start of the course as well as participants with incomplete data on covariables (n = 43) or food intake (n = 120). With this, 3,236 participants qualified for the study, of whom 2,513 had sufficient information on compliance with the HCFP so that the test doctors could assess the relationship with the measured plasma tabolites.

The 2,513 participants analyzed in this study were on average 57.4 (± 6.0) years old, 60 % female and had an average body mass index (BMI) of 25.3 kg/m 2 .

study parameters evaluated

The MDC study measured 112 plasmaMaTabolites among the participants at the beginning of the course. HCFP was determined using validated methods: a combination of a 7-day recording of the food history and a detailed questionnaire on the history of nutrition, which was carried out by interviews. Metabolites associated with the HCFP were determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques.

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and deaths of any cause were pursued over the follow-up period of 21.4 years using the Swedish national registers: Swedish Hospital Dischharge Register, The Swedish Cause of Death Register and The Swedish Coronary Angiography ).

primary result measurements

The primary endpoints were

cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Using COX-Proportal-Hazard models, the researchers examined the relationship of 5 plasmametabolites that are closely linked to healthy food intake to cardiometabolical diseases and mortality to determine whether they are independent biomarkers for the risk

important knowledge

There were 5 metabolites that were closely associated with HCFP ( p <0.004): ergothionein, prolinbetain, methylprolin, acetylornithine and pantothenic acid.

ergothionein was most associated with HCFP, and his concentrations were associated with a lower risk of coronary diseases, as based on the standard deviation increment (HR = 0.85, p = 0.01), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.79, p = 0.002) Total mortality (HR = 0.86).

ergothionein in the circulation was an independent marker for cardiovascular diseases and mortality.

practice implications

metabolomics is generally defined as the comprehensive measurement of all metabolites and low molecular molecules in a biological sample. In this study, the correlation of certain metabolites and a healthy diet was found, with ergothionein being the only metabolite that was an independent marker for illness and mortality. A metabolite that is rich in citrus fruits, Prolinbetain, was also highly correlative. ¹

In this study, ergothionein had the strongest association with a lower CHK risk, cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality.

citrus fruits have been associated with positive health for many years, and a higher consumption of citrus fruits has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart diseases (KHK). ^{2 citrus fruits are a great source of dietary flavonoids that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In an simply blinded, randomized crossover study with 22 healthy subjects, it was found that sweet orange ( citrus sinensis )-juice lowered the blood pressure of the test subjects. 3 citrus fruits are a good source for essential nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium and folic acid, which are all heart-healthy nutrients. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress in endothelial cells, which reduces the risk of arteriosclerosis. Stachhydrin, another metabolite pursued in this study, is a part of citrus fruits that help to promote vascular voltage by inhibiting the nadph-oxidase (nicotinamide-dinucleotide phosphate). has been proven to have hypolipidemic effects. 5 There is also a connection with the daily taking of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, orange juice, grapefruit juice) and an endometrioser risk.}

In this study, ergothionein had the strongest association with a lower CHK risk, cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality. Ergothionein is an amino acid containing sulfuric acid (mainly basidiomycetes) and some bacteria (actinomycetales and cyanobacteria including spirulina, arthrospira maxima ^{7 . Mushrooms can also be found in some offal, black and red beans and oat bran. In a prospective study, however, ergothionein was associated with fish, shellfish and alcohol consumption. 9 This can reflect a random consumption, since ergothione is sometimes added to reducing discoloration.}

If it is taken up by humans, ergothionein gets over a highly specific van, Octn1, in relatively high concentrations in erythrocytes, liver, seed fluid, bone marrow, eye lens, cornea, brain, spleen, intestine, heart and kidneys. has proven to be effective in preclinical data when intercepting hydrogen peroxide, superoxidions, singer oxygen, lipid -peroxides, hydroxyl radicals and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and at the same time protected nitrogen monoxide from destruction. Cardiovascular therapeutic potential ”have shown Servillo and his team in Italy that ergo the pro-inflammatory cytokin production (interleukin-1 beta [il-1β] and tumor necrosis alpha [tnf-α]), regulates the vascular celladhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) Adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and the e-selectin adhesion molecules inhibits the monozyth binding to the endothel and has a positive modulation of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) Signal pathways. Ergothionic mushroom extract inhibit the myeloperoxidase (MPO), 14 A predictor for the progression of the plaque and the probability of unwanted events.

mushrooms contain more ergothionine than plants, but still in relatively low concentrations. Researchers have worked on creating an inexpensive source for ergothionine through bacterial fermentation. More recent techniques contain several bacterial enzymes for improved synthesis. ^{17 In addition, ergothionein was awarded by the FDA of the status "General Recognized as Safe" (grass). has provided for clinical applications of ergothionein, a potentially naturally naturally obtained intervention on cardiovascular support.}