The nutritional -abusing advantage - heart health, genes, individual nutrition

The nutritional -abusing advantage - heart health, genes, individual nutrition

The aim of this article is to examine nutritional genomics as a potential instrument for individual nutritional therapy. The genes examined were all genes for susceptibility to heart health and their common genetic variants. The specific genes that were observed in this overview were methylentetrahydrofolatreductase (MTHFR), cholesterinal esterylester-transfer protein (CETP), lipoproteinlipase (LPL), apolipoprotein C-III (APO C-III) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The function, genetic variants and interactions with food in relation to each gene are discussed. Specific nutritional recommendations were indicated, but not confirmed, depending on the type of genes that were owned.

In order to fully understand the paper, it is important to define the difference between the two subcategories of nutritional genomics: Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics speaks of the functional interactions that have ceratin food with the human genome. For example, eicosapentaenic acid and docosahexaenic acid (contained in fish oil) increase the expression of genes that are involved in the fat metabolism and energy, as well as the expression of genes that are involved in inflammation. Nutrigenetics can be defined than the reaction of certain people with unique genetic material on certain foods. For example, the genetic variant from -13910c to t causes lactose tolerance. The T-Allel enables better lactose metabolism, while the C-allel is causing lactose intolerance.

The MTHFR gene is of great importance for the metabolism of homocysteine. Studies show that slightly increased plasma overall homosy stone is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The MTHFR gene catalyzes the reduction of 5, 10 methylentetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The formation of this 5 product by MTHFR provides units for the conversion of homocysteine ​​into methionine. Therefore, if a genetic mutation influences this efficiency of this conversion, there are increased homocysteine ​​levels in the blood. Several polymorphisms of this gene can influence the enzyme efficiency of this gene. It has been found that an increase in folate intake by people with these genetic defects reduces the probability of cardiovascular diseases.

The CETP gene is involved in the lipid metabolism. This hydrophobic glycoprotein, which is excreted by the liver, reduces the cardioprotective HDL faction and increases the pro-atherogenic VLDL and LDL fractions in plasma. It is therefore disadvantageous to increase the activity of this gene with regard to cardiovascular health beyond normal values. Several genetic variants, such as the TAQ1B variant, cause a reduction in the CETP mass and activity. People without advantageous genetic variants of this gene would benefit from a diet that counteracts increased mirrors of active CETP in the body. Specific nutritional recommendations were not given in this case.

The LPL gene is also involved in the lipid metabolism. In particular, this glycoprotein is involved in the hydrolysis of the triglyceride core of circulating chylomicrons and VLDL. A more active LDL gene correlates with lower blood triglyceride levels, which makes it an atheroprotective enzyme. People with the 44Ser (X) SNP have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. The identification of another genetic variant than this in a subject is therefore a sign of nutritional companies that this person may need additional nutritional considerations. In order to increase LPL expression in people who do not wear cheap genetic variants, fish oil has proven to be advantageous to increase the efficiency of these genes. It was also shown that mulberry, banaba and Korean ginseng increase the expression of the LPL gene.

The APO C-III gene is involved in the regulation of the triglyceride metabolism by influencing the lipolysis and the receptor-mediated absorption of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Any genetic variant that increases the efficiency of this gene can lead to an abnormal amount of triglycerides in the circulation. This is a clear risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The best-known variant of this gene is the SSTIS variant, which is 38% connected to an increase in blood triglyceride levels. It was found that a diet with a high content of simply unsaturated fats is a good way to reduce plasma-LDL-C that is a product of the overexpression of the APO C-III gene. It was also found that Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) reduce the efficiency of the APO C-III gene in SSTIS variants.

interleukin 6 genes are important for immune and inflammatory reactions in the body as well as for high regulation in the synthesis of C-reactive proteins. A functional polymorphism as a position -174g to C was associated with a changed expression of the IL-6 gene. Increased IL-6 levels were associated with cardiovascular diseases, namely atherosclerosis. It has been shown that diets that focus on weight loss negative negate the effects of unfavorable genetic variants of the IL-6 gene. It was also shown that fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid and vitamin e-supplementation reduce inflammation. This is particularly important for people with genetic variants that increase IL-6 because it increases physical inflammation.

This is a great paper that emphasizes some of the basic genes that a company for nutritional genetics is looking for in patients who are concerned about heart health. It has been found that specific genetic variants at each other can increase or reduce the risk of reaching any number of cardiovascular diseases. Fish oil seems to be the most important nutritional supplement that people with increased risk factors can include in their diet in order to avoid future cardiovascular problems. The spectrum of the advantages ranges from reducing the expression of unfavorable genetic variants to reducing inflammation. While the examination of the human genome continues, it will be interesting to see how genetic engineering incorporates into the mixture. If scientists have already found out which genetic variants can increase or reduce health, man genetic engineering will prove to be advantageous for improving the health of the entire human population in order to maintain favorable genetic variants for the formation of its genome. In addition, the adaptation of the diet to the personal genotype of a person will prove very advantageous.

-Vakili, BS. "Personalized nutrition: Nutritional genomics as a potential instrument for targeted medical nutritional therapy." Nutrition Reviews v. July 6, 2007: pp. 301-315.