Emotions in Adlerian psychotherapy and advice
Emotions in Adlerian psychotherapy and advice
Individual psychology sees the individual as a unit in contrast to a collection of personality traits that add up to an overall personality. The individual tries to overcome a perceived minus or inferiority by determining a goal and a direction of movement. The individual is an indivisible whole, a body-spirit unit that strives to be among the larger units of humanity and the cosmos. In this context - if the Adlerian premise is correct - emotions and feelings should rather appear as an aspect of the striving for the individual as an independent force within the personality.
However, it usually appears differently for the individual. He is "overwhelmed by emotions", "dominated by emotions", "speechless from emotions". He can see emotions as such a power over him that he "couldn't" otherwise, "my anger came over me and drove me there". Emotions enable the individual to reject responsibility for their own actions and to see themselves as victims of irrational powers that are outside of their control but live in it. The appearance is misleading. Ultimately, we cannot understand human behavior and character if we do not accept that the individual is indivisible and responsible. The alternative perspective to consider personality as a mere sum of inputs dissolves the individual into independent forces. In fact, there can be no indivisible and responsible personality, unless the individual is a self -supporting, targeting, selecting and self -determining unit.
What purposes serve emotions in human life? They seem to mobilize the individual in motion in the direction of a goal. It is interesting that the etymology of the word emotion alludes to a feeling of movement: e = out, movere = mov. This lies a feeling of movement, a movement from one point to another or a movement in one direction. Sometimes this movement can be a striving for movement to stand still or hesitate. Sometimes it can be a declining movement.
eagle puts the individual in his social environment, without which the individual is actually unthinkable. The individual is born, developed and matured in a social area. The meaning or direction of this social field, which behaves like an ubiquitous social gravity, is Adler's sense of community, social interest, social awareness or sense of community. It is striking that Adler identifies this as a feeling. The goal of the individual is emotionally revealed and expressed in action. In extreme cases, this behavior can be completely in line with social interest. In the other extreme, it can counteract social interest diametrically. The former could be considered a subjunctive and the latter.
I believe that it would be wrong to classify the emotions themselves as a subjunctive or disjunctive one. They only have meaning or meaning as a part or aspect of the person's entire movement. It would be tempting to see love and admiration as a subjunctive itself, but what about love and admiration for the guide and a violent ideal of the racial purity? Obviously, this love carried hatred and aggression. And would it be disjunctive to hate injustice and oppression and to mobilize forces against them? Our actions, emotions and goals can only be assessed on the basis of the "absolute truth" of the sense of community.
emotions must always be present in everything that the individual does, even if this is not always obvious. The emotions express our assessment of our situation and our intended reaction. As such, we can expect emotions to become particularly noticeable when the lifestyle is under the pressure of the environment. A person whose priority is avoiding stress and failure reacts emotionally to impending dangers. His emotions will raise awareness of his danger, concentrate his whole being on dealing with the situation and mobilize all the necessary inner strength for this purpose. At the same time, awareness of other aspects of the environment that appears irrelevant.
The individual is a unit of mind and body, and the emotions directly express the connection between mind and body, as if they were thoughts that are expressed in the body. This is Adler's organic dialect or what we would call body language today. We often speak of the fact that we are moved by experiences. Memories can also have this effect. A thought can be felt in his physical effects. We know that we are in contact with a meaningful experience when we feel them in our body. This can be an acceleration of the pulse, a start, nervous tension and an increased awareness. But a threatening experience can also make us cold. This can lead to the feeling that we have no control over our emotions, and in a sense this is true. However, it is certain that we only caused our own emotions out of consciousness. The lifestyle and its overarching network of goals were vigilant with the largely unconscious activity to secure our existence. We are only surprised that we can be mobilized so quickly and without our conscious intervention for our own defense.
eagle once said that all characteristics, including the entire range of possible emotions, are available from the beginning of our lives and that the lifestyle represents the selection of a sub -group as the most promising for the leadership of his life. In this sense, the lifestyle is the more or less rigid concentration of one's own inner forces, a form of psychological sclerosis or inflexibility. This also applies to the range of the emotions of the individual. Adler noticed that with age a person gets the face that he created through the emotions that usually play on his facial features. The misanthropic will focus on pessimistic and aggressive moods that are extended emotions over time. He will linger in such moods and shape his face and even his whole body to express them. For this reason, when we become an experienced human connoisseur, we can read the characters of our fellow human beings. It also increases the possibility that a movement can take place in the opposite direction: The awareness of a stiff attitude or firm facial expressions can reveal the individual deep-rooted thinking and attitude habits and stimulate it to think about how it is produced.
This option seems to me to be offered by practices such as Alexander Technology and certain martial arts. It is possible to become aware of the mood by reading your own body language. It is common that it is possible to make changes in your own emotional state by making changes in your own body, for example through movement, walks in the country and so on. David K Reynolds tells how he previously had to be classified professionally as mentally ill to evaluate the treatment of patients in US psychiatric institutions. He was able to transform into such a depressive person by changing his attitude and physical attitude that he was included in these facilities as a real case and existed a professional assessment. As he says, he was actually a real case and had to act on himself in the opposite sense at the end of the exercise to become the true David K Reynolds again.
Of course, emotions play a very important role in Adlerian and all other consultations and psychotherapy because they always have to be present. The three -course recognition reflex itself is the emotional jerk that the client feels when a deep truth about itself feels in its inner core. The emotional reaction shows what is really felt. We know that we are in contact with the customer's soul if we can feel the customer's emotions. By telling your early memories and other important material customers, you always reveal your emotional settings, which emphasize your private logic, your biased perceptions and your value systems. In addition, the client also feels this: through his own reaction to what he says, he recognizes that these things are of particular importance for him. And by asking a client to tell an early memory again, we can make the client look back at emotional conditions. A certain client of me did not understand how much he rejected his childhood treatment by his mother until certain events and situations were taken up again in this way. When he felt this resentment again, he had to recognize that this feeling had been with him all his life since childhood. Adler speaks of the task of psychotherapy to enable clients to feel the lively truth. This truth can never be just an idea. It is only a truth when it feels.
Sometimes we describe psychotherapy and advice as the cure of speaking, as if it were only a rational dialogue. The entire process is permeated with emotions. It is the emotion that connects the common activity of client and therapist. It is the emotion that underpins the transmission of the client and the counterpart of the therapist.
Every important event in psychotherapy is an emotional event. The relationship between therapist and the client is based, when it is successful, on emotional bonds of trust and acceptance.
eagle also said that feelings are not arguments. Clients and people in general who have to free themselves from responsibility for their own actions like to identify their feelings as independent of their will. In truth, they are not independent of our will, but apparently independent of our conscious control. They appear to our consciousness as clouds that are blown in to darken our inner sky. But the spirit has brought them out and the spirit can blow them away by taking responsibility. Face feelings. If they don't seem to fade, it is because we keep them alive and feed their fire because they correspond to our purposes. I think of a client who has kept a deep resentment against his mother alive because this has justified his lack of performance and failure to mature. It supported its system of self -pity and willingness to sacrifice, which freed him from responsibility to play his full role in life. It could generally take special consideration from the world. Only when he felt this resentment did he understand his toxic effects. While it continues from this old position, this client is visibly freed from the need to continuously produce and strengthen the feelings of resentments and self -pity.
Recently, a client gave me an early memory that reminded her of her childhood and did not want to go to a party in order to face a possible humiliation of the rejection by other children who hid under a bed. Her sadness and misery were noticeable. An agonizing feeling of having missed something prompted me to visit this early memory again a week later and to feel a deeper purpose. The purpose of hiding was to be found, comforted and helped. The client smiled when she recognized this - and also remembered her childish disappointment when her father came into the room and did not notice her!
The lifestyle can be seen as a security system that recognizes the great dangers of life and sets up the defense measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of the person. Part of this system is a constant monitoring of the scope in order to recognize the approach to the danger. The person shows this in the irritation that is exposed to. The person who feels a loss of control must react if their sense of control is threatened. The person who has to feel sensible must react if their inferiority is endangered to be exposed. The connoisseur has to avert any feeling of rejection or non -acceptance. The emotion on which all of this is based is a deep existential fear that makes the person vigilant and vulnerable forever. At the other end of the spectrum is the person who feels in peace with the world, is accepted and self -acceptant and whose basic emotion is closest to the full development of the sense of community.
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