Organic farming vs. conventional farming

Organic farming vs. conventional farming

Organic farming vs. conventional farming

One of the most pressing issues of our time is sustainability. Amid climate change and the loss of natural resources, organic farming is increasingly coming into focus. It is used against conventional agriculture, whose effects on the environment and climate are criticized. But what distinguishes organic from conventional farming and which approach is superior to the other?

Defining the terms

In order to make sense of discussions, it is important to understand exactly what is meant by organic and conventional agriculture.

Organic farming

Organic farming, also known as biological or organic farming, avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and artificial fertilizers. Instead, it relies on natural methods for soil fertility and pest control, such as crop rotation, green manure or the promotion of natural enemies of the pests. Organic farming is carried out according to strict guidelines, in Germany including the EC Organic Regulation.

Conventional farming

The term “conventional agriculture” is broader and describes an agricultural approach that involves the use of modern technology, chemicals and industrial methods. This includes, for example, the use of pesticides and herbicide-resistant plants, intensive animal husbandry and synthetic fertilizers to increase productivity.

Impact on the environment

One of the main differences between organic and conventional farming lies in the environmental aspect.

Organic farming

Organic farming is more beneficial from an environmental perspective. By avoiding chemical pesticides and fertilizers, fewer harmful substances end up in the environment. Organic farming also promotes biodiversity because it offers more diverse habitats than conventional farming. By avoiding intensive forms of land use, the soil is subjected to less stress and soil erosion is reduced. In addition, organically farmed soil binds more CO2 than conventionally farmed soil, which helps reduce the greenhouse effect.

Conventional farming

Conventional farming can have negative impacts on the environment. Through the intensive use of chemicals, they are released into the environment and can pollute groundwater. Intensive use of the soil can lead to soil erosion and valuable habitat is lost. In addition, the production of fertilizers and pesticides uses a lot of energy and releases CO2.

Economic aspects

From an economic perspective, there are also differences between organic and conventional agriculture.

Organic farming

Organic farming generally achieves lower yields, but is often less cost-intensive because expensive chemicals and fertilizers are saved. However, the strict regulations mean that higher prices can be achieved, which often makes organic farming economically worthwhile.

Conventional farming

The yields in conventional agriculture are generally higher than in organic agriculture, but there are also higher costs for fertilizers, pesticides and technical aids. However, high production volumes can result in lower prices for end consumers.

Health aspects

Not only the environment, but also consumers benefit from organic farming.

Organic farming

Food from organic farming is generally less contaminated with pesticides than conventionally produced food. This can be beneficial to your health, especially in the long term. In addition, organically produced foods are often richer in certain nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals.

Conventional farming

In contrast, conventionally produced foods are more likely to contain pesticide residues. These can potentially be harmful to health. However, the maximum permitted residue levels in the EU are strictly regulated and monitored.

conclusion

It is not possible to make a clear judgment as to whether organic or conventional farming is the better option. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, both in terms of the environment, economy and health. It is important to find a suitable way to use our resources responsibly. Both the consumer and the farmer play a crucial role. It is up to all of us to set the course for sustainable and healthy agriculture through conscious purchasing decisions and practice-oriented research and development. The path to get there will certainly be complex and full of challenges, but the need for such a change is clear.