Vitamin D changes the intestinal microbioma

This article is part of our special edition in May 2020. Download the full edition here.

reference

Charoengam N., Shirvani A., Kalajian Ta, Song A., Holick Mf. The effects of different doses of oral vitamin d 3 dietary supplement on intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind dose-effect study. anti-cancer-res . 2020; 40 (1): 551-556.

draft

This randomized, double-blind dose-effect study examined the effect of vitamin d 3 nutritional supplement on the intestinal microbiota.

participant

Twenty adults with low vitamin D status (defined as serum-25 hydroxyvitamine-D [25 (oh) D] of less than 30 ng/ml).

medication and dosage study

The participants received oral vitamin d 3 .

target parameter

The researchers collected chair rehearsals at the beginning of the course and after 8 weeks to identify intestinal microbiota using 16S-RRNA gene amplification and sequencing.

important knowledge

Baseline-Serum-25 (OH) D was associated with an increased relative frequency of Akkermansia and reduced relative frequency of porphyromonas ( p <0.05)). After the intervention, the data analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in the relative frequency of bacteroid with a significant difference between the 600-I group and the 10,000-I group ( p = 0.027) and parabacteroides with a significant difference between the 600-I group and the 4,000-in ( p = 0.039). Increased 25 (OH) D in the serum was associated with an increase in useful bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria.

practice implications

vitamin-D 3 dietary supplement was associated with a dose-dependent increase in bacteria that were associated with a reduced activity of inflammatory bowel diseases. This is not the first time that the dietary supplement was associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. A number of studies have monitored the intestinal microbiota with different results.

an article by Naderpoor et al. From November 2019, the results of her randomized clinical study, in which 26 overweight people with vitamin D deficiency were given vitamin D, reported the effects that this had on their faecal microbiota. ^{1 This study defined a vitamin D deficiency as ≤50 NMOL/L (corresponds to 20 ng/ml) in contrast to CharoSngams 30 ng/ml line. The Naderpoor participants received an optional dose of 100,000 IE, followed by 4,000 IE for 16 weeks. The vitamin D supplement in this previous study increased the frequency of the intestinal microbiota of the genus Lachnospira . After the nutritional supplement, participants, whose vitamin D blood level increase to more than 75 NMOL/L, had a higher amount of genus Coprococcus and lower frequency of the genus rumococcus compared to those whose vitamin D level remained below 50 nmol/l}

Nonetheless, the idea has something fascinating that it could change the intestinal microbiota if you pop off your belly of the sun.

We also have data from a study by Cantarel et al. from 2015, which examined a vitamin D supplement (5,000 IE per day) over 90 days in women (n = 70) with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 8 healthy control persons. Faecal microbiom tests showed a reduced frequency of the genus ruminococcus and increased Akkermansia and faecalibacterium in this small group. The MS patients who were not treated with glatramer showed an increase in Copococcus , Akkermansia and faecalibacterium according to vitamin-D supplement.

do we know what these different findings mean? There is a certain consensus that vitamin D preparations change the intestinal microbioma. These different studies do not indicate a consistency of these changes, although some increase Akkermansia . In the past few years, Akkermansia muciniphila has received positive attention, and many consider a larger number of them to be beneficial. Akkermansia exercises control over the basic metabolism and immunity. ^{3 It would therefore be considered a good cause to see an increased abundance, especially with overweight or obese people in Naderpoor's study.}

Reading in Charoengam et al, that "Baseline serum 25 (OH) D was associated with an increased relative frequency of Akkermansia and reduced relative frequency of porphyromonas ( p <0.05)" made my antennas take your antennas. The bacteria are porphyromonas gums that have been isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease, and this finding is the basis of a fascinating theory that this neurodegenerative state is triggered by chronic reactions to these bacteria. is associated with vitamin D, from porphyromonas population has a certain charm.

Somewhere we should mention that several publications indicate that exposure to ultraviolet light changes the intestinal microbioma and that the effects differ from a vitamin D supplementation. The changes between the studies also vary here. ^{5.6 Nevertheless}

Although we prefer to consider data from human studies, there is a mouse study on vitamin D supplementation, which should be mentioned in this discussion.

In a treatise on July 2018, Ghaly et al. A study in which they gave mice that were treated with Dextran Natrium sulfate to high-dose vitamin D to trigger colitis. The mice that received the highest vitamin D doses (10,000 IE/kg) suffered the most severe colitis. 7 The problem of reading studies carried out with mice is that we do not know how we can extrapolate the results on humans, and this situation is a good example. Nevertheless, it would not hurt to have this study with vitamin D in high doses in the back of the head until we are sure that some people will not react similarly.

The other thing that would not harm is the view that part of the mechanism of action of vitamin D could be in the shift of the intestinal microbioma rather than in systemic biochemical effects on cells in the body. This will not be the first time that we have to enter this paradigm. We had to adapt our understanding of the mechanism of metformin.