Study: Mediterranean nutrition, native olive oil extra and breast cancer risk
![Referenz Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Donat-Vargas C, et al. Mediterrane Ernährung und invasives Brustkrebsrisiko bei Frauen mit hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko in der PREDIMED-Studie: eine randomisierte klinische Studie. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 September 14:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] Design Die PREDIMED-Studie war eine randomisierte, einfach verblindete, kontrollierte Feldstudie, die in Zentren der Primärversorgung in Spanien durchgeführt wurde. Teilnehmer Von 2003 bis 2009 waren 4.282 Frauen im Alter von 60 bis 80 Jahren eingeschrieben. Bei der Einschreibung waren sie frei von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, hatten aber möglicherweise entweder Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus oder mindestens 3 der folgenden wichtigen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren: Rauchen, Bluthochdruck, erhöhter Low-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterinspiegel, niedriger High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterinspiegel, …](https://natur.wiki/cache/images/SIBO-and-Anti-Inflammatories-Boswellia-Curcumin-jpg-webp-1100.webp)
Study: Mediterranean nutrition, native olive oil extra and breast cancer risk
Reference
Toledo e, Salas-Salvadó J, Donat-Vargas C, et al. Mediterranean nutrition and invasive risk of breast cancer in women with a high cardiovascular risk in the predimed study: a randomized clinical study. Jama internal med. 2015 September 14: 1-9. [Epub Ahead of Print]
Design
The predimed study was a randomized, simply blinded, controlled field study, which was carried out in centers of primary care in Spain.
participant
From 2003 to 2009, 4,282 women between the ages of 60 and 80 were enrolled. They were free from cardiovascular diseases when entering, but possibly either had type 2 diabetes mellitus or at least 3 of the following important cardiovascular risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density-lipoprote-cholesterol inspection, overweight or Obosity or family history of early coronary heart disease.
The women were 67.7 years old on average and had an average body mass index of 30.4. Most of them came to menopause before the age of 55, and less than 3 % took advantage of hormone therapy.
medication and dosage study
The participants were assigned 1 out of 3 diets in accordance with the random: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with native olive oil extra (EVOO), a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts or a control diet. A fat -reduced diet was recommended to the control group (n = 1,391). The participants of the 2 intervention groups received free additional food: Evoo (n = 1,476; 1 l/week for the participant and his families) or mixed nuts (n = 1,285; 30 g/d: 15 g walnuts, 7.5 g hazelnuts). and 7.5 g almonds) according to their randomization group.
target parameter
The primary endpoint that was followed in the study was the incidence of cardiovascular events. Breast cancer incidence was a secondary end point of the study for women without breast cancer in history (n = 4.152). Cases were defined as the first invasive breast cancer, which was confirmed by cytological or histological examination. Medical records were checked to extract this data, and cases were identified by December 1, 2010.
important knowledge
After a median after -observation period of 4.8 years, 35 confirmed cases of breast cancer were identified. The observed rates (per 1000 people years) were 1.1 for the group with Mediterranean nutrition and EVoo, 1.8 for the group with Mediterranean diet and nuts and 2.9 for the control group. The multivariables-adjusted hazard ratios (HRS) compared to the control group was 0.32 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.79) for the group that increased a Mediterranean diet with EVOO, and 0.59 (95 % KI: 0.26–1.35) for the group that granted with nuts took. In analyzes with annually cumulative, updated food loads there was a risk reduction of 28 % for additional 5 % calories from EVOO (HR: 0.72; 95 % KI: 0.57–0.90).
practice implications
We have long had good reasons to encourage women to become a Mediterranean diet because it can reduce the risk of breast cancer. We now have a good reason to put more weight on promoting Evoo.
According to this new analysis of data from the Predimed cohort (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea), women showed a Mediterranean diet complemented with EVOO, a relatively lower risk of malignant breast cancer that were assigned to the control diet by 68 % (HR: 0.32). Women who consumed a Mediterranean nutrition with nuts showed a non -significant risk reduction compared to women in the control group. Remember that despite their assignment to a low -fat diet, the participants in this study mostly followed a Mediterranean diet. Despite quarterly consultations and encouragement by nutritionists, the study participants only changed their diet slightly. In the almost 5 years of the experiment, the only significant changes made by the 2 Mediterranean nutrition groups were consuming fish and legumes; The consumption of fish rose by 0.3 portions per week and the consumption of legumes rose by 0.4 portions per week compared to the control group. No other changes achieved statistical significance, with the exception of EVOO or the consumption of nuts.
The results of this latest report from the predimed study underpower the idea that the Mediterranean diet protects against breast cancer ...
The predimed study was previously discussed in this magazine, including in our special edition on cardiology. With the "low -fat control diet", an important difference must be observed. Although the control group was given a low -fat diet, they hardly stick to it. The fat content of the total energy calculated in the nutrition sank over 39 %to 37 %, a non -significant decrease of 1.96 %. 1 From the data analysis of the first study, no conclusions can be drawn about the effects of switching to a low -fat diet, since apparently nobody really did. One year after the study began, almost 92 % of the control group with low -fat diet stated that olive oil was the most important culinary fat in their diet. After 5 years, this consumption had increased to over 96 %. More than 58 % of the control group with low -fat nutrition stated that they had more than 4 tablespoons of olive oil a day. It almost seems as if this low -fat group found that they are the controls and do their best to imitate the experimental diet.
It is difficult to determine whether the advantages are only due to Evoo's consumption or the Mediterranean diet. In earlier reviews of data from this cohort, the diet actually consumed by the low -fat control group did not differ significantly by those that were assigned to the Mediterranean diet, so that it would not be inappropriate to assume that the EVOO in connection with a Mediterranean diet was responsible for the observed advantages.
In recent years, several major case control studies have been published, which also suggest the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in reducing breast cancer incidence.
A Greek study from 2014 reported that when comparing 250 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (participants aged 56 ± 12 years) with 250 control persons of the same age, a higher compliance with the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 9 % less probability to develop breast cancer (probability [or] = 0.91; % AI: 0.86–0.97). Your data suggests that the most important components with a positive effect were not refined cereals, vegetables, fruit and alcohol, followed by an unfavorable effect of red meat. The adherence was evaluated using the 11-component meddietcore (theoretical area 0–55).
A Spanish study published in September 2014 compared 1,017 breast cancer cases and 1,017 suitable checks to examine the connection between eating habits and breast cancer in general; Menopause status and types of tumors were also taken into account. 3 Women who adhered to a western diet had an overall total risk of breast cancer (upper vs. lower quartile, OR: 1.46; 95 % AI: 1.06–2.01). This risk was even higher, 75 %, in premenopausal women who adhered to a western diet (OR: 1.75; 95 % CI: 1.14-2.67). On the contrary, a Mediterranean diet was associated with a 44 % lower risk to develop breast cancer (upper quartile vs. lower quartile, OR: 0.56; 95 % AI: 0.40–0.79). The protective effect of a Mediterranean diet was even stronger in triple-negative tumors (OR: 0.32; 95 % CI: 0.15–0.66; p = 0.04).
A year earlier data of a large cohort appeared in an article in the International Journal of Cancer . Compliance with the Mediterranean diet and the risk of breast cancer was calculated based on 335,062 women who were recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 10 European countries and observed for an average of 11 years. The diet adhesion was estimated by an adapted relative Mediterranean nutritional score (Armed), which excluded alcohol. A total of 9,009 postmenopausal and 1,216 breast cancer patients were identified in the cohort. Conversely, the Armed was associated with the risk of breast cancer as a whole and in postmenopausal women (HR: 0.94; 95 %-KI: 0.88–1.00; p for the trend = 0.048 and HR: 0.93; 95 %KI: 0.87–0.99; p for the trend = 0.037). The association was more pronounced in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor tumors (HR: 0.80; 95 % KI: 0.65–0.99; p for the trend = 0.043). The Armed score was not associated with breast cancer in pre-menopausal women.
It is interesting to determine that a study published in 2013 that analyzed data on Swedish women could not find a similar association. The Swedish cohort study “Women’s Lifestyle and Health” included 49,258 women aged 30 to 49 when recruiting between 1991 and 1992. During this period, 1,278 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Compliance with a Mediterranean nutritional pattern was statistically not significantly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer as a whole or with specific breast tumor traits. 5 Women in this cohort were younger and probably premenopausal, so these results are similar to the results of the study mentioned above. It may be that the Mediterranean diet has a greater impact on older women in menopause. (I have a theory that the Mediterranean diet is more effective through sunlight; if this applies, the advantages can vary depending on the latitude.)
The results of this recent report from the predimed study support the idea that the Mediterranean diet protects against breast cancer and that EVOO in particular could offer an even greater benefit.
- Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al; Test from the predimed study. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with a Mediterranean diet. n Engl. J med . 2013; 368 (14): 1279-1290.
- n. Mourouti, MD Kontogianni, C. Papavagelis et al. Compliance with the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower probability of breast cancer: a case control study. Nutr cancer . 2014; 66 (5): 810-817.
- Castelló a, Pollan M, Buijsse B, et al. Spanish Mediterranean diet and other nutritional habits and breast cancer risk: Case-control Epigeicam study. br j Krebs . 2014; 111 (7): 1454-1462.
- Buckland, G., Travier, N., Cottet, V., et al. Compliance with the Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutritional cohort study. intj cancer . 2013; 132 (12): 2918-2927.
- Couto e, Sandin S, Löf M, Ursin G, Adami Ho, Weiderpass E. Mediterranean nutritional pattern and breast cancer risk. plus one . 2013; 8 (2): E55374.