Study: heart -healthy advantages of peanuts

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Reference Luu HN, Blot WJ, Xiang Yb, et al. Prospective evaluation of the connection between nut/peanut consumption with overall and causal mortality. JAMA internet 2015 March 2. [Epub Ahead of Print] Design This study examined the connection between the consumption of nuts and overall mortality as well as the cause -specific mortality of Americans of African and European descent, which mostly had a low socio -economic status (SES), and in Shanghai, China, living Chinese. Participants The participants came from 3 separate, large cohorts. The first cohort consisted of 71,764 US citizens of African or European descent, mainly with low SEs. These participants were part of the Southern Community ...
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Reference

luu hn, blot wj, Xiang yb, et al. Prospective evaluation of the connection between nut/peanut consumption with overall and causal mortality. Jama internal med. 2015 March 2. [Epub Ahead of Print]

Design

This study examined the connection between the consumption of nuts and overall mortality as well as the cause -specific mortality of Americans of African and European descent, which mostly had a low socio -economic status (SES), and in Shanghai, China.

participant

The participants came from 3 separate, large cohorts. The first cohort consisted of 71,764 US citizens of African or European descent, mainly with low SEs. These participants were part of the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), which was carried out in the southeast of the United States between March 2002 and September 2009. Another 134,265 participants were drawn from two cohorts in Shanghai, China: The Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS; December 1996-May 2000) and the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (SMHS; January 2002-September).

medication and dosage study

questionnaires for food frequency were used to evaluate the overall consumption of nuts and peanuts. In the Shanghaier cohorts, the consumption of tree nuts was rare and the majority of the consumed nuts were peanuts. About half of the consumed nuts were peanuts in the US cohort.

target parameter

Deaths in the US cohort were determined by the National Death Index and the mortality files of the social security administration; In China, deaths about the Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry and two-year home visits were confirmed in the SWHS and SMHS studies.

important knowledge

During a medium after -observation period of 5.4 years in the SCCS, 6.5 years in the SMHS and 12.2 years in the SWHS, 14,440 deaths were identified. The consumption of nuts in all 3 cohorts was associated with the risk of overall mortality (all p <0.001), whereby the adjusted hazard ratios (HRS) in connection with the highest quintile of the recording are 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.86) or 0.83 (95 %KI: 0.77–0.88) for the cohorts USA and Shanghai. This opposite context was reduced by a reduction in cardiovascular deaths ( p <0.05 in the US cohort; p <0.001 in the Shanghai cohorts). When comparing the highest with the lowest quinters of nut consumption, a significant reversal association for ischemic heart diseases in all ethnic groups was determined during the examination of specific types of cardiovascular diseases (HR: 0.62, 95 %-KI: 0.45–0.85 for black; HR: 0.60, 95 % KI: 0.39–0.92 for white and Mr.: 0.70, 95 % KI: 0.54–0.89 in Asians). The associations for ischemic stroke (HR: 0.77, 95 % AI: 0.60–1.00) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR: 0.77, 95 % AI: 0.60–0.99) were only significant for Asians. The nut mortality association was not changed by the existence of metabolic conditions in study enrollment and was similar for men and women as well as for black, white and Asians. The benefits of consumption of Nüssen seems to apply across breeds and economic borders. The advantages of peanut consumption did not differ from the consumption of tree nuts.

practice implications

This study tells us 2 important things.
First of all, consumption of nuts seems to be advantageous, since it is associated with a lower overall mortality and in particular with a 30- to 40 percent reduction in mortality through ischemic heart diseases across breed and class boundaries. While we may have already suspected this based on previous studies, the present study may be the first to actually confirm this.
Secondly - and perhaps even more important - the consumption of peanuts that are technically not even nuts seem to offer the same health benefits as eating real tree nuts.
peanuts are inexpensive and will probably remain. They are a global crop that is grown in several countries and is available in many countries as locally grown and sold goods.
This is by no means the first big study that indicates that eating nuts is advantageous. A 2014 by Luo et al. The meta -analysis of 11 studies carried out showed that the consumption of nuts was reversed with the overall mortality, although it did not provide any information about the cause -specific mortality. Found in a report from 2013 in which data from the US Nurses ’Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were analyzed, that the consumption of nuts was reversed with mortality through all causes, cancer-specific and heart diseases. The predimed study co-locations reported that eating nuts at the beginning of the course was associated with reduced mortality in people who adhered to a Mediterranean diet.
in the latest meta -analysis for consumption of nuts and the overall mortality of Grosso et al. The combined studies included 354,933 participants, 44,636 cumulative deaths and 3,746,534 cumulative people. They found that only 1 portion of nuts a week led to a 4 % reduced risk of total mortality. A portion per day was associated with a 27 % reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases.
The participants in the former study cohorts were predominantly educated Caucasian experts. Questions have arisen whether the same advantages of eating nuts in other breeds and in people with lower economic status could be seen. This current paper tells us that the answer is a clear yes.
This paper also demonstrably tells us that when it comes to cardiovascular diseases, we should assume that peanuts have the same effect as tree nuts. As already mentioned, peanuts are not nuts at all, but belong to the family of legumes; There are peas. Her Latin name is arachis hypogaea . arachis is a genus that encompasses about 70 types of flowering pea plants. Hypogäa means ( hypo ) the earth ( gaa ). After the plants have produced typical -looking pea flowers, the flower stems do something unusual; They extend themselves, bend and press their flower nodes into the ground, where the legumes mature. Archaeologists have found evidence of the peanut cultivation in Peru about 3500 to 4500 years ago. 5 But peanuts probably arose somewhere between southern Bolivia and northern Argentina. 6 Since peanuts are actually peculiar peas that mature under the ground, it is strange that we group them together with nuts.
The information in this study is important for purely practical and economic reasons. Tree nuts such as almonds are expensive and will probably still be. California produces 82 % of the global annual harvest, 7 Therefore not only the almonds consumed in the USA are grown there, but also the majority of almonds consumed worldwide. The cultivation of almonds needs a lot of water. About 10 % of the California water supply flows into almond cultivation. 8 In April 2015, California reported the lowest snow cover in the history of the state, only 7 % of the 75-year average. 9 This melting snow cover would usually supply the water that is used to irrigate almond groves.
Since the current drought in California shows no signs of a reduction and most almonds come from California, the price for almonds and thus also for other tree nuts will probably increase. At the same time, almond consumption increases; The per capita consumption in the USA rose from £ 1.3 to £ 1.8 per year between 2008 and 2012.
peanuts are inexpensive and will probably remain. They are a global crop that is grown in several countries and is available in many countries as locally grown and sold goods. China is a leader in peanut production worldwide, but is still only responsible for 42 % of the harvest. 10 For many people, especially for people with low incomes, peanuts could be the nut of the choice.
A small but fascinating detail in this paper is how few nuts were needed to change the risk of mortality. The upper quintile of the nut and peanut consumption was the same or greater than 2.54 g a day or about 20 g a week, and the average "handful of peanuts" weighs almost twice as much.
[ editors' Note: to Learn about Treating Peanut Allergy, Read "is the Solution to Peanut Allergy Early Exposure to Peanuts?" Journal.]

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