Study: Green areas in the neighborhood can predict the mental health state

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Referenz Beyer KM, Kaltenbach A, Szabo A, Bogar S, Nieto FJ, Malecki KM. Exposition gegenüber Grünflächen in der Nachbarschaft und psychische Gesundheit: Erkenntnisse aus der Umfrage zur Gesundheit von Wisconsin. Int J Environ Res Publ Health. 2014;11(3):3453-3472. Design Querschnittsanalyse zum Vergleich des psychischen Gesundheitszustands mit Grünflächen in der Nachbarschaft (NGS) Teilnehmer Einwohner des Bundesstaates Wisconsin, die zuvor in einem der Jahre zwischen 2008 und 2011 den Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) abgeschlossen hatten (N=2.479). SHOW ist eine jährliche landesweite Wahrscheinlichkeitsumfrage zum Gesundheitszustand der Einwohner des Bundesstaates Wisconsin, die durch Einzelbefragung, körperliche Untersuchung und Biomarker-Sammlung ermittelt wird. Studienexposition Die …
Reference Beyer KM, Kaltenbach A, Szabo A, Bogar S, Nieto FJ, Malecki KM. Exposure to green spaces in the neighborhood and mental health: knowledge from the health survey on Wisconsin. Int j Environ res publ health. 2014; 11 (3): 3453-3472. Design cross -sectional analysis for comparison of the mental health with green spaces in the neighborhood (NGS) participants of the state of Wisconsin, who had previously completed the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (show) in one of the years between 2008 and 2011 (n = 2,479). Show is an annual nationwide probability survey on the health of the residents of the state of Wisconsin, which is determined by individual survey, physical examination and biomarker collection. Study exposure ... (Symbolbild/natur.wiki)

Reference

Beyer KM, Kaltenbach A, Szabo A, Bogar S, Nieto FJ, Malecki KM. Exposure to green spaces in the neighborhood and mental health: Findings from the survey on the health of Wisconsin. intj Environ res publ health. 2014; 11 (3): 3453-3472.

Design

cross -sectional analysis for comparing the psychological state of health with green spaces in the neighborhood (NGS)

participant

inhabitants of the state of Wisconsin, who had previously completed the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (Show) in one of the years between 2008 and 2011 (n = 2,479). Show is an annual nationwide probability survey on the health of the residents of the state of Wisconsin, which is determined by individual survey, physical examination and biomarker collection.

study exposure

The NGS exposure was determined by geomatching the residential address of each participant with its/local US people counting block, which was evaluated using three different green space exposures:
  1. Green in the neighborhood, determined by the NDVI data record (Normized Difference Vegetation Index) from 2009, a frequently used and validated database for land use types at neighborhood level 1 ;
  2. Tree crown cover in the neighborhood (NTCC), as by determined national land cover database ; And
  3. an average of the 2 dimensions mentioned above (AVG).
    4. The exposure conditions were divided into NGS with areas of> 10 % or <10 % tree crown, since 10 % tree top was the mean for those included in the study.

    target parameter

    The psychological health was assessed based on the answers of the participants to depression, anxiety and stress scales (dass) instrument, a validated survey tool used by show to measure aspects of the mental health. Which corresponds to a maximum score of 42. Das Subscores were each included as continuous variables in a multivariate linear regression model.
    For every 25 percent increase in the amount of green areas in the neighborhood, it was likely that the depression value of a participant was 1.0 to 1.4 points lower after all potential disruptive factors were taken into account.
    To control possible disruptive factors, both the individual level (i.e. age, gender, breed/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, annual household income, professional position, type of living situation, type of health insurance) and the neighborhood level (i.e. degree of urbanity, medium -sized household income, living stability, percentage below the poverty limit,, Percentage of home owners towards tenants, percentage of unemployment, percentage of African Americans) were included in the regression analysis.

most important knowledge

ngs has significantly predicted the dass values ​​for all three measurements of mental health. The depression scores were most influenced by NGS, whereby NDVI, NTCC and AVG all provided a significantly negative forecast for depression ( p <0.01). The regression showed that with each 25 percent increase in the NGS amount of the depression score of a participant after taking all potential disruptive factors into account was probably 1.0 to 1.4 points lower.
stress scores were also influenced by NGS about half as much as depression scores. A 25 percent increase in the NGS had a reduced stress value for 0.5 to 0.7 points ( p <0.05), although this was only statistically significant for NTCC and AVG models.
Fear was also influenced by NGS, although only NDVI and AVG models were statistically significant ( p <0.05). A 25 percent increase in the NGS using these measurements led to a decline of 0.4 to 0.5 points on the das-angry sub-scale.
The analysis of the potential disruptive variables resulted in some statistically significant effects on the dass scores, regardless of the NGS. In particular, low income levels and higher unemployment rates were important predictors for all three das sub-scale dimensions ( p <0.05), regardless of the NGS exposure.

Comment

This paper is the latest from a number of current research publications that deal with the connection between green areas and mental health. 3 The awareness that natural environments have restful and therapeutic purposes has been used since ancient and is available in all known human civilizations. Naturopathy is very good that "the healing power of nature" is present in the world around us as well as in the food or herbs that we consume, or in the water that we apply to our skin.
It is not necessary to describe the readers of this magazine how the social health concept has developed from this holistic understanding to the more reductionist, biomechanical model that prevails in today's health landscape. Rather, it is necessary to awaken the knowledge that environmental exposure, such as the spread of NGS, especially in today's modern times, are components of the larger milieus of determining the overall health.
since Roger Ulrich his famous study "Zimmer with View" for the first time in 1984 in an edition of published science , 6 We have received empirical evidence that our environment has a direct influence on both physical and mental health. Ulrich's famous theory, which is now referred to as the theory of psycho -evolutionary stress (PES), describes a neuro -affective model for how environmental stimuli influence the psychophysiological cascade of events that are known as a "stress reaction". Well -being influenced, 8 It is no surprise that the relaxing influence of NGS can affect the severity of depression and anxiety to report on the residents of the state of Wisconsin.
It is worth noting that the authors of this study have included in their analyzes in particular dimensions of socio -economic status (SES) such as income, education and employment status. SES has been an established social health factor for over a decade. 9 and it is not surprising that show participants with low SES status have correspondingly higher DAS values. It is also known that people and neighborhoods with lower ses typically have fewer NGS; In most cases, richer districts are greener districts and poorer districts of fewer green districts.
While the authors did not analyze their data on an interaction between SES and NGS and the effects on the psychological state of health, other similar studies have proven such a connection. A number of studies in Scotland have shown that people who live in economically disadvantaged communities are exposed to less stress if the NGS values ​​are increased, which is measured on the basis of the self-assessment as well as based on cortisol biomarkers in saliva. 10.11 Ulrich's pes theory and are potentially valuable for the use of NGS,, In order to combat the "wear effect", which has chronic poverty on health through accumulated negative stress effects, which are known as "all-east-wing strain". 1 2 (the PES/Allostatic-Last hypothesis was further noticed by a now classic geodata analysis of the British National Health Service, which is based in all of England Showed [n = 40,813,236] People with lower ses were influenced more positively by the restoring forces of NGS than other groups with higher sess.
All of this information show that the world around us affects our health in a way that we may not be aware of. In addition to the obvious effects on public health, urban planning and environmental management, this research also offers applications for the clinical practitioner. First, it is important to involve questions about the home environment of a patient every first visit in order to (among other things) determine the stress factors and/or recreational options, to which patients are regularly exposed. Secondly, this information together with many other studies in this area 14 indicate that a frequent stay in the green could be a preventive and even therapeutic intervention (in connection with other adequate care) for patients with psychological problems. Thirdly, it reminds us as a practitioner that it can be advisable to apply the principle if the home environment of a patient affects his well -being Great Causum and suggest that the patient move to a healthier area if this is possible in his financial possibilities.

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