Study: Agaricus Bisporus mushroom in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer

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Reference Twardowski P, Kanaya N, Frankel P, et al. A phase-I study with mushroom powder in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: rolling of cytokines and myeloids suppressor cells for Agaricus bisporus-induced prostate-specific antigen answers. Cancer. 2015; 121 (17): 2942-2950. Design This was a one-armed, unmixed phase I study on a single facility. Participants in the 36 male patients recorded (average age 68) were diagnosed in all biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC). Everyone had previously received radiation therapy and 33 (92 %) had also undergone an earlier prostate. Eleven patients (30 %) had also undergone hormone therapy. Their medium prostate -specific antigen (PSA) at the beginning of the therapy was 1.9 ng/ml. ...
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Reference

twardowski P, Kanaya n, Frankel P, et al. A phase-I study with mushroom powder in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: rolling of cytokines and myeloids suppressor cells for Agaricus bisporus-induced prostate-specific antigen answers. cancer. 2015; 121 (17): 2942-2950.

Design

This was a one-armed, unmixed phase I study on a single facility.

participant

In the 36 male patients recorded (average age 68), a biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC) was diagnosed. Everyone had previously received radiation therapy and 33 (92 %) had also undergone an earlier prostate. Eleven patients (30 %) had also undergone hormone therapy. Their medium prostate -specific antigen (PSA) at the beginning of the therapy was 1.9 ng/ml. In order to be included in the study, the patients had to demonstrate biochemical indications of therapy failure due to rising PSA values. They were excluded from the study when they showed clinical or X -rays signs of a metastatic disease.

Intervention

The patients received powder tablets from white mushrooms (WBM) until PSA progression, clinical progression or toxicity occurred twice a day. Six patients were divided into 6 mushroom dose cohorts: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 g/day. If no patient in the dose cohort had a dose-limiting toxicity during a 28-day treatment cycle, the next higher dose was tested.

target parameter

The primary goal was to evaluate the feasibility of treatment and the associated toxicity. The secondary goals were the determination of the effect of WBM on the Serum-PSA/Androgen level, suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cytokine level derived from myeloids derived.

results

No dose -limiting toxicities occurred in any study participant. Four of the participants showed a partially or complete reaction to the mushroom powder for an overall PSA reaction of 11 % (95 % confidence interval: 4 % –26 %). Two patients (for doses of 8 and 14 g/day) experienced an extended complete remission in which their PSA value absorbs not detectable values ​​and at least to the date on which the article was submitted to publication, a response of 49 and 30 months. Two patients showed a partial response in which their PSA values ​​fell to 50 % of the output value. One of these patients had remained in the study for 39 months. The Second Partial Responder only retained the reduced PSA value for 7 months. Five other patients showed no psa increase during the study. In addition to these partial and complete responders, 13 patients (36 %) showed a certain PSA waste after the start of therapy.

immunological factors

In addition to that of interleukin-15 (IL-15), no definitive cytokin patterns were found. Full and partial responders had higher IL-15 levels at the beginning and after treatment. The IL-15 overall levels were not changed by treatment for responders and non-responders.

practice implications

This article should bring people with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC) a little ray of hope to optimism. While these fungal tablets do not always work, they sometimes work.
BRPC is defined by a psa increase in men who have already received a definitive treatment for prostate cancer. The treatments included prostate and/or radiation. In this study, most participants had passed both treatments. 1
Within 10 to 15 years of therapy, 25 to 30 % of all prostate cancer patients occur a recurrence. 1 Most of these study participants had already been both operated and irradiated, so that, if at all, they had only a few additional expectations of possible healing. This biological recurrence offers androgen withdrawal therapy as a primary option. This choice will suppress prostate cancer, but is not considered healing and is typically accompanied by considerable undesirable side effects. This includes "weight gain, muscle weakness, hot flashes, erectile dysfunction, libidoverlust, increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular problems".
also the androgen withdrawal therapy is not a possible healing, but a delay in recurring the disease. Its effect on overall survival is not clear. For this reason, the authors thought it made sense to examine the potential of an outpatient oral therapy with minimal toxicity for BRPC, which shows effectiveness against the progress of the disease.
mushrooms are not the only naturally occurring substances that influence the growth or spread of cancer. Several natural therapies have proven to be promising in the prevention, the recovery and the treatment of prostate cancer, including pomegranate juice, 3 Modified citrus spectin, 4 lycopin and isoflavon. Extented extent of this study.
mushrooms have been used medically for centuries, and many species have been proven to have anti-cancer properties. 6 It has been shown that fungi inhibit prostate cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer cell lines. act. 8-9 In this article, use your assay for aromata inhabitation to assess the effectiveness of your mushroom powder.

The white button mushroom

The fungus used in this study - the white mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) - is the most frequently available edible mushroom in the United States. It is widespread and easily available in grocery stores. Over half a billion pounds are grown in the United States every year. The evidence of the advantageous anti -cancer effect of the WBM is increasing. It has been shown that isolated lectins contribute to the fact that chemotherapy for breast and colon cancer is more effective by increasing the sensitivity of the treated cells compared to the medication. 10 You also reduce the proliferation of large crab cells and increase the antioxidant function. The proliferation of breast cancer cells was reduced due to the inhibition of aromatase activity by WBM and some of its factions, including conjugated linoleic acid. Earlier research on WBM on prostate cancer cell lines have shown that WBM extract largely inhibits cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis. Due to this promising previous research, the current study was designed.
This study should evaluate the feasibility, toxicity and biological activity of a longer treatment with WBM powder. By examining immunomodulators, cytokines and MDSCs, the authors also wanted to find biological differences between the patients whose PSA addressed, and those for whom this was not the case.

immunosuppressive cell subgroup

MDSCs in peripheral blood were reduced from recording to week 13 in patients with complete and partial response. Its level fell by 78 %, 45 %, 94 %and 65 %. There was no change in the Non-Responders.
While IL-15 is examined solely for cancer alone, it may not be ideal for individual treatment. In these patients, the WBM seems to have strongly influenced immune heat. In addition, MDSCs play a role in the inhibition of the immune system, and their reduction seems to trigger stronger cancer monitoring. MDSCs were dramatically reduced in the strongest responders. Remember that these men had the highest IL-15.
While WBM lowers blood sugar and cholesterol in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats, no significant changes in blood sugar and blood lipid were observed in people who were treated with WBM.

restrictions

With only 36 included patients, this study was relatively small. The repetition of this dosage of WBM in a randomized, placebo-controlled setting is necessary to draw a more definitive conclusion.
In addition, in many research on medicinal mushrooms, hot water extracts are used as a preparation method of choice, since mushrooms are very rich in chitin, which is difficult to dismantle and used by the human body. The initial research of the authors to WBM examined the aromatase activity of the water extract of the mushroom. 11 However, since they used lyophilized (freezer -dried) entire WBM for this study, it is unclear what aspect of the fungus they wanted to rate and which component is most advantageous for BRPC. In fact, it does not seem that the flavoring was affected because the measurements of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were unchanged during the entire study. Future studies should include an arm for freezer -dried mushroom and an extract obtained from hot water in order to be able to compare it. It would also be worth assessing which of the components with known medical activity in the mushrooms used were highest and which were probably the most advantageous during the treatment. The mechanism of action to reduce the PSA in this study is unknown.
fungi tend to easily absorb both nutrients and toxic elements from their growth media. It is therefore important to be aware of all toxic elements in the growth media. The supplementary materials showed a very thorough analysis of potential toxins, including arsenic, lead and cadmium, as well as some biological contamination such as z e coli and salmonella that were all negative.

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