Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS): An Underrated Disease - Diagnosis, Causes and Treatment Approaches

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS): An Underrated Disease - Diagnosis, Causes and Treatment Approaches

Countless people around the world suffer from recurring health problems, the cause of which often remains unknown. Digestive problems, skin rashes and circulatory problems are just a few examples of the wide range of symptoms. However, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) could offer a possible explanation for these symptoms. Despite the high prevalence of this complex disease, it is often unrecognized. The Dr. Jacobs Institute therefore points out (link removed). In this article, we will take a detailed look at MCAS and explain its diverse effects on the body.

What are mast cells and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)?

Mast cells are immune cells with a diverse function. They play an important role in defending against infections and protect the body from foreign substances by releasing various chemical messengers such as inflammatory mediators, cytokines and histamine. In mast cell activation syndrome, the mast cells are “hyperactive” and also react to harmless substances. This leads to excessive release of (link removed) and other neurotransmitters, which can lead to a variety of symptoms in various organs and systems of the body. The disease often progresses in episodes, which increases the difficulty of making a correct diagnosis.

Often overlooked: The high prevalence of MCAS

MCAS is a disease that, despite its prevalence, is often overlooked, even by many doctors. It was only in 2016 that mast cell activation disorders received an international diagnostic code (ICD-10). There is currently no official diagnosis for MCAS in Germany. Nevertheless, a German study found that (link removed). The nonspecific symptoms of MCAS and the lack of awareness of the disease among physicians mean that it is often overlooked. As a result, those affected often live for years without a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In addition, the symptoms are often attributed to psychological causes, which further increases the burden on patients.

Versatile and non-specific symptoms of MCAS

The symptoms of MCAS are varied, non-specific and often resemble allergies. They can affect various organs and systems of the body, including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and nervous system. Common symptoms include fluid retention (edema), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed), (link removed) and psychological problems such as anxiety and restlessness. Symptoms occur in spurts and can be exacerbated by various triggers such as food, medication, stress and weather changes.

The connection between MCAS and histamine intolerance

Mast cell activation syndrome is usually accompanied by (link removed). Due to excessive release of histamine by mast cells, additional amounts of histamine ingested through food can cause problems. Certain foods can worsen existing symptoms or trigger flare-ups. A diet low in histamine can often help relieve MCAS symptoms.

Diagnosis of MCAS: Symptoms at the forefront

Diagnosing MCAS is difficult because there are no specific diagnostic tests. The focus is on symptoms that indicate mast cell activation and affect at least two organ systems. It is important to rule out other explanatory medical conditions. Laboratory tests such as the determination of histamine in the blood and histamine breakdown products in the urine as well as biopsies of various organs can be used to support the diagnosis. However, it should be noted that laboratory values ​​can only be elevated during an attack. The absence of abnormalities in the test results therefore does not rule out MCAS.

The role of the intestine in mast cell activation

One of the most common causes of mast cell activation is intestinal dysbiosis, i.e. an imbalance in the intestinal flora. An irritated intestinal wall and a disturbed balance of intestinal flora can promote harmful bacteria that produce histamine and further stimulate the mast cells. This chronic inflammatory process and damage to the intestinal lining can allow antigens from harmful bacteria or foods to enter the bloodstream and trigger mast cell and inflammatory responses throughout the body, causing the multifaceted discomfort of MCAS.

An oversensitive nervous system and stress as triggers of MCAS

Mast cells are closely connected to the central and peripheral nervous system. An oversensitive nervous system can lay the foundation for oversensitive mast cells and the development of MCAS. Stress is often a major trigger for mast cell flare-ups. Often, those affected by MCAS have a history of severe psychological and/or physical stress. Therefore, it is important to normalize and balance the autonomic nervous system to relieve the symptoms of MCAS.

Treatment of MCAS: The focus is on the gut

Treatment for MCAS aims to identify and eliminate the triggers, as well as reduce mast cell activity and inhibit the effects of histamine. Natural mast cell stabilizers such as vitamin C, black cumin extract and quercetin can be helpful. However, one (link removed) plays a central role in the treatment of MCAS. This includes eliminating intestinal dysbiosis, building healthy intestinal flora and improving digestive performance and intestinal peristalsis. A targeted relief diet and an intestinal treatment with probiotic preparations (link removed) and fiber can bring the intestine into balance and help identify intolerable foods. A long-term change in diet is recommended to keep the intestine healthy in the long term.

Sustainable treatment of MCAS requires a holistic approach that also takes into account chronic viral or bacterial infections and the causes of the oversensitive nervous system. Vagal stimulation can be a particularly helpful method here.

Conclusion

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a diverse and often overlooked disease that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. The symptoms of MCAS are varied and nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult. However, comprehensive treatment that focuses on the gut, mast cell activity and nervous system can help relieve symptoms and provide a better quality of life for those affected. It is important that both physicians and patients are aware of the existence and effects of MCAS to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.